Ngaphandle kokusebenza, iindleko okanye ukuqwalaselwa kokhuseleko, iibhetri ezihlaziyiweyo zelizwe lonke lolona khetho lungcono lokutshintsha amandla efosili kwaye ekugqibeleni uqonde indlela eya kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha.
Njengomqambi wezinto ze-cathode ezifana ne-LiCoO2, i-LiMn2O4 kunye ne-LiFePO4, i-Goodenough iyaziwa kakhulu kwintsimiiibhetri ze-lithium-ionkwaye ngokwenene "nguyise weebhetri ze-lithium-ion".
Kwinqaku lakutshanje kwi-NatureElectronics, uJohn B. Goodenough, oneminyaka engama-96 ubudala, uphonononga imbali yokuveliswa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion etshajwayo kwaye ibonisa indlela eya phambili.
Ngeminyaka yee-1970, kwaqhambuka ingxaki yeoli eUnited States. Eqonda ukuxhomekeka ngokugqithisileyo ekuthengisweni kwe-oyile kumazwe angaphandle, urhulumente waqalisa umzamo omkhulu wokuphuhlisa amandla elanga nawomoya. Ngenxa yesimo esinqumayo samandla elanga nawomoya,iibhetri ezinokutshajwazaye zafuneka ekugqibeleni ukugcina le mithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo necocekileyo.
Isitshixo sokutshaja okubuyiselwe umva kunye nokukhutshwa kukubuyisela umva kokusabela kweekhemikhali!
Ngelo xesha, ezininzi iibhetri ezingatshajikiyo zisebenzisa i-lithium negative electrode kunye ne-organic electrolytes. Ukuze kuphunyezwe iibhetri ezinokutshajwa, wonke umntu waqala ukusebenza ekuzinziseni umva kwee-ion ze-lithium kwii-cathodes ze-metal sulfide ezitshintshayo. UStanley Whittingham we-ExxonMobil ufumanise ukuba ukutshaja okubuyiselwa umva kunye nokukhutshelwa kunokufezekiswa ngokudibana kwekhemistri usebenzisa i-TiS2 eleleyo njengemathiriyeli ye-cathode, kunye nemveliso ekhutshwayo yi-LiTiS2.
Le seli, eyaveliswa nguWhittingham ngowe-1976, yaqalisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuphindaphinda kaninzi ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha, i-lithium dendrites yenziwe ngaphakathi kwiseli, eyakhula ukusuka kwi-negative ukuya kwi-electrode efanelekileyo, idala isiphaluka esifutshane esinokutshisa i-electrolyte. Eli linge, kwakhona, laphela lingaphumeleli!
Ngeli xesha, uGoodenough, owafudukela e-Oxford, wayephanda ukuba ingakanani na i-lithium enokususwa kwi-LiCoO2 kunye ne-LiNiO2 yezixhobo zecathode ngaphambi kokuba isakhiwo sitshintshe. Ekugqibeleni, bafezekise ukubuyisela ukubuyisela ukuguqulwa kwe-lithium engaphezu kwesiqingatha sezinto ze-cathode.
Olu phando ekugqibeleni lwakhokelela uAkira Yoshino wase-AsahiKasei ukuba alungiselele eyokuqalaibhetri ye-lithium-ion etshajwayo: I-LiCoO2 njenge-electrode efanelekileyo kunye nekhabhoni yegraphic njenge-electrode engalunganga. Le bhetri isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwiiselfowuni zokuqala zikaSony.
Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko. Ibhetri etshajwayo eqinileyo eqinileyo njenge-electrolyte ibonakala iyindlela ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
Kwangoo-1960s, iikhemisti zaseYurophu zasebenza ekuzinziseni umva kwakhona kwee-ion ze-lithium kwizinto eziguquguqukayo zentsimbi yesulfide. Ngelo xesha, i-electrolyte esemgangathweni yeebhetri ezinokuphinda zitshajwe yayizii-electrolyte ezinamandla ezineasidi kunye nealkaline ezifana ne-H2SO4 okanye i-KOH. Ngenxa yokuba, kwezi electrolytes zimanzi, i-H+ ine-diffusivity elungileyo.
Ngelo xesha, iibhetri ezizinzile kakhulu ezitshajwayo zenziwe nge-NiOOH elayishiwe njengezinto ze-cathode kunye ne-alkaline eqinile ye-alkaline electrolyte njenge-electrolyte. I-h+ inokuphinda ifakwe kwi-cathode ye-NiOOH enomaleko ukwenza i-Ni(OH)2. Ingxaki yayikukuba i-electrolyte emanzi yanciphisa amandla ombane ebhetri, nto leyo ebangele ukuxinana kwamandla aphantsi.
Ngo-1967, uJoseph Kummer kunye no-NeillWeber be-Ford Motor Company bafumanisa ukuba i-Na+ ineempawu ezilungileyo zokusasaza kwii-electrolytes ze-ceramic ezingaphezu kwe-300 ° C. Emva koko baqulunqa ibhetri ye-Na-S ephinda itshajwe: isodiyam etyhidiweyo njenge-electrode engafanelekanga kunye nesulfure etyhidiweyo equlethe i-carbon bands njenge-electrode efanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, baqulunqa ibhetri ye-Na-S etshajwayo: i-sodium etyhidiweyo njenge-electrode engafanelekanga, isulfure etyhidiweyo equlethe i-carbon band njenge-electrode efanelekileyo, kunye ne-ceramic eqinile njenge-electrolyte. Nangona kunjalo, ubushushu bokusebenza obuyi-300°C buye benza ukuba le bhetri ingabinakwenzeka ukurhweba.
Ngo-1986, uGoodenough waqaphela ibhetri ye-lithium etshajwayo yonke indawo ngaphandle kwesizukulwana se-dendrite usebenzisa i-NASICON. Okwangoku, zonke iibhetri ze-lithium ezihlaziyiweyo kunye neebhetri ze-sodium ezisekelwe kwi-electrolyte eqinile efana ne-NASICON ziye zathengiswa.
Ngo-2015, uMariaHelena Braga weYunivesithi yasePorto naye wabonisa i-electrolyte eqinile ye-porous oxide ene-lithium kunye ne-sodium ion conductivity ehambelana ne-electrolyte ephilayo esetyenziswa ngoku kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion.
Ngamafutshane, kungakhathaliseki ukusebenza, iindleko okanye ukuqwalaselwa kokhuseleko, zonke iibhetri ezihlaziyiweyo zelizwe lolona khetho lungcono lokutshintsha amandla efosili kwaye ekugqibeleni uqonde indlela eya kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha!
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-25-2022