Kubomi banamhlanje, iiselfowuni zingaphezu nje kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano. Zisetyenziswa emsebenzini, kubomi basekuhlaleni okanye ekuzonwabiseni, kwaye zidlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi. Kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa iifowuni eziphathwayo, yintoni eyenza abantu baxhalabe kakhulu xa ifowuni ephathwayo ibonakala isikhumbuzo sebhetri ephantsi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando lubonise ukuba i-90% yabantu ibonise ukuxhalaba kunye nokuxhalaba xa inqanaba lebhetri yefowuni yabo yeselula yayingaphantsi kwe-20%. Nangona abavelisi abakhulu besebenza nzima ukwandisa umthamo weebhetri zeselfowuni, njengoko abantu besebenzisa iiselfowuni rhoqo nangakumbi kubomi bemihla ngemihla, abantu abaninzi bayatshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwintlawulo enye ngosuku ukuya kumaxesha angama-N ngosuku, nabantu abaninzi baya kuzisa kwakhona. iibhanki zamandla xa zingekho, xa bezifuna ngamaxesha athile.
Ukuphila nezi ziganeko zingasentla, yintoni esifanele siyenze ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yebhetri yeselula kangangoko kunokwenzeka xa sisebenzisa iiselfowuni yonke imihla?
1. Umgaqo wokusebenza webhetri ye-lithium
Okwangoku, uninzi lweebhetri ezisetyenziswa kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kwiimarike ziibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zemveli ezifana ne-nickel-metal hydride, i-zinc-manganese, kunye nokugcinwa kwe-lead, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zineenzuzo zomthamo omkhulu, ubungakanani obuncinci, iqonga eliphezulu lombane, kunye nobomi bomjikelezo omde. Kungenxa yolu ncedo ukuba iifowuni eziphathwayo zinokufikelela kwimbonakalo edibeneyo kunye nobomi obude bebhetri.
I-lithium-ion ibhetri ye-anode kwiifowuni eziphathwayo zihlala zisebenzisa i-LiCoO2, i-NCM, izinto zeNCA; izinto ze-cathode kwiifowuni eziphathwayo ziquka i-graphite eyenziweyo, i-graphite yendalo, i-MCMB / SiO, njl. Kwinkqubo yokutshaja, i-lithium ikhutshwe kwi-electrode efanelekileyo ngendlela ye-lithium ion, kwaye ekugqibeleni ifakwe kwi-electrode engalunganga ngokuhamba i-electrolyte, ngelixa inkqubo yokukhupha ichasene nje. Ngoko ke, inkqubo yokutshaja kunye nokuchithwa ngumjikelezo wokufakwa ngokuqhubekayo / ukuchithwa kunye nokufakwa / ukuchithwa kwe-lithium ion phakathi kwe-electrodes efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative, ebizwa ngokucacileyo ngokuthi "i-rocking.
ibhetri yesitulo”.
2. izizathu zokuhla kobomi beebhetri ze-lithium-ion
Ubomi bebhetri yefowuni esanda kuthengwa iselungile kakhulu ekuqaleni, kodwa emva kwexesha lokusetyenziswa, iya kuba yinto encinci kwaye iyancipha. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokuba ifowuni entsha yeselula ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo, inokuhlala kwiiyure ze-36 kwiiyure ze-48, kodwa emva kwekhefu elingaphezu kwesiqingatha sonyaka, ibhetri elipheleleyo elifanayo linokuhlala kuphela kwiiyure ze-24 okanye nangaphantsi.
Sisiphi isizathu "sokusindisa ubomi" beebhetri zeselfowuni?
(1). Ukuhlawuliswa ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokukhupha ngaphezulu
Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zithembele kwi-ion ze-lithium ukuhamba phakathi kwe-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative ukuze isebenze. Ngoko ke, inani le-ion ze-lithium ezinokuthi i-electrodes ephilileyo kunye ne-negative yebhetri ye-lithium-ion inokubamba ihambelana ngqo nomthamo wayo. Xa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ihlawuliswa ngokunzulu kwaye ikhutshwe, isakhiwo sezinto ezintle kunye nezingalunganga zingonakaliswa, kwaye indawo enokuthi ifake i-lithium ion iba yincinci, kwaye amandla ayo nawo ayancitshiswa, nto leyo esiyibiza ngokuba kukunciphisa. kubomi bebhetri. .
Ubomi bebhetri buvame ukuvandlakanywa ngumjikelezo wobomi, oko kukuthi, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ihlawuliswe ngokunzulu kwaye ikhutshwe, kwaye umthamo wayo unokugcinwa ngaphezu kwe-80% yenani lemijikelezo yentlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa.
Umgangatho wesizwe we-GB / T18287 ufuna ukuba ubomi bomjikelezo weebhetri ze-lithium-ion kwiifowuni eziphathwayo azikho ngaphantsi kwamaxesha angama-300. Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba iibhetri zethu zefowuni eziphathwayo ziya kuhlala ixesha elide emva kokuba zitshajwe kwaye zikhutshwe amaxesha angama-300? impendulo ithi negative.
Okokuqala, kumlinganiselo wobomi bomjikelezo, ukuthotywa kwamandla ebhetri yinkqubo ehamba ngokuthe ngcembe, kungekhona iliwa okanye inyathelo;
Okwesibini, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ihlawuliswa kakhulu kwaye ikhutshwe. Ngethuba lokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla, inkqubo yokulawula ibhetri inendlela yokukhusela ibhetri. Iza kuzicima ngokuzenzekelayo xa ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye iya kuvala ngokuzenzekelayo xa amandla engonelanga. Ukuze ugweme ukutshaja okunzulu kunye nokukhupha, ngoko ke, ubomi bokwenene bebhetri yeselula buphezulu kunamaxesha angama-300.
Nangona kunjalo, asinakuthembela ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yokulawula ibhetri egqwesileyo. Ukushiya ifowuni ephathwayo amandla aphantsi okanye apheleleyo ixesha elide kungonakalisa ibhetri kwaye kunciphise umthamo wayo. Ke ngoko, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokutshaja ifowuni ephathwayo kukutshaja kwaye uyikhuphe kancinci. Xa ifowuni ephathwayo ingasetyenziswanga ixesha elide, ukugcina isiqingatha samandla ayo kunokwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ubomi benkonzo.
(2). Ukutshaja phantsi kweemeko ezibandayo kakhulu okanye ezishushu kakhulu
Iibhetri zeLithium-ion nazo zineemfuno eziphezulu zobushushu, kwaye ubushushu bazo obuqhelekileyo bokusebenza (ukutshaja) buphakathi kwe-10°C ukuya kuma-45°C. Ngaphantsi kweemeko zeqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, i-electrolyte ionic conductivity iyancipha, ukuchasana kokudluliselwa kwentlawulo kuyanda, kwaye ukusebenza kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kuya kuhla. Amava e-intuitive kukuhla kwamandla. Kodwa olu hlobo lokubola komthamo luyabuyiselwa umva. Emva kokuba iqondo lokushisa libuyele kwiqondo lokushisa, ukusebenza kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion kuya kubuyela ngokuqhelekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ibhetri ihlawuliswa phantsi kweemeko zokushisa eziphantsi, i-polarization ye-electrode engafanelekanga inokubangela ukuba amandla ayo afikelele ekunciphiseni amandla e-lithium metal, okuya kukhokelela ekubekweni kwesinyithi se-lithium kumphezulu we-electrode embi. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni umthamo webhetri. Kwelinye icala, kukho lithium. Inokwenzeka yokwakheka kwe-dendrite kunokubangela isiphaluka esifutshane sebhetri kwaye kubangele ingozi.
Ukutshaja ibhetri ye-lithium-ion phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu kuya kutshintsha kwakhona ubume be-lithium-ion positive kunye ne-electrode engalunganga, okukhokelela ekuhlahleni okungenakuguquleka kumthamo webhetri. Ngoko ke, zama ukuphepha ukutshaja ifowuni ephathwayo phantsi kweemeko ezibandayo okanye ezishushu kakhulu, ezinokwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ubomi bayo benkonzo.
3. Ngokuphathelele ukubizwa, ngaba ezi nkcazo zinengqiqo?
Q1. Ngaba ukutshaja ngobusuku kuya kuba nayiphi na impembelelo kubomi bebhetri yefowuni ephathwayo?
Ukutshaja ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokukhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo kuya kuchaphazela ubomi bebhetri, kodwa ukutshaja ngobusuku akuthethi ukutshaja kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, ifowuni ephathwayo iya kuzicima ngokuzenzekelayo emva kokuba ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo; kwelinye icala, iiselfowuni ezininzi ngoku zisebenzisa indlela yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza yokuqala ukutshaja ibhetri ukuya kwi-80% umthamo, kwaye emva koko utshintshele kwintlawulo ecothayo.
Q2. Imozulu yasehlotyeni ishushu kakhulu, kwaye ifowuni ephathwayo iya kuba nobushushu obuphezulu xa itshaja. Ngaba oku kuqhelekileyo, okanye kuthetha ukuba kukho ingxaki ngebhetri yefowuni ephathwayo?
Ukutshaja ibhetri kukhatshwa ziinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezifana neekhemikhali kunye nokudluliselwa kwentlawulo. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zihamba kunye nesizukulwana sobushushu. Ngoko ke, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba ifowuni ephathwayo ivelise ubushushu xa itshaja. Ukushisa okuphezulu kunye nesiganeko esishushu seefowuni eziphathwayo ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukutshatyalaliswa kokushisa okungahambi kakuhle kunye nezinye izizathu, kunokuba ingxaki yebhetri ngokwayo. Susa ikhava yokukhusela ngexesha lokutshaja ukuvumela ifowuni ephathwayo ukuba ikhuphe ngcono ukushisa kwaye yandise ngokufanelekileyo ubomi benkonzo yefowuni ephathwayo. .
Q3. Ngaba ubomi bebhetri befowuni ephathwayo bunokuchatshazelwa yibhanki yamandla kunye neshaja yemoto etshaja ifowuni ephathwayo?
Hayi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba usebenzisa ibhanki yamandla okanye ishaja yemoto, ukuba nje usebenzisa isixhobo sokutshaja esihlangabezana nemigangatho kazwelonke yokuhlawula ifowuni, ayiyi kuchaphazela ubomi benkonzo yebhetri yefowuni.
Q4. Xhuma intambo yokutshaja kwikhompyuter ukutshaja ifowuni ephathwayo. Ngaba ukutshaja ngokufanelekileyo kuyafana neplagi yokutshaja efakwe kwisokethi yamandla eqhagamshelwe kwintambo yokutshaja ukuze itshaje ifowuni ephathwayo?
Ingaba ihlawuliswa ngebhanki yamandla, itshaja yemoto, ikhompyutha okanye iqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kubonelelo lombane, izinga lokutshaja linxulumene kuphela namandla okutshaja axhaswa yitshaja kunye neselfowuni.
Q5. Ngaba ifowuni ephathwayo ingasetyenziswa xa uyitshaja? Yintoni eyabangela imeko yangaphambili "yokufa koMbane ngelixa ufowuna ngelixa ushaja"?
Ifowuni ephathwayo ingasetyenziswa xa itshajiwe. Xa utshaja ifowuni ephathwayo, itshaja iguqula i-220V high-voltage AC amandla ngokusebenzisa i-transformer ibe yi-low-voltage (efana ne-5V eqhelekileyo) ye-DC ukunika amandla ibhetri. Kuphela inxalenye ye-low-voltage ixhunyiwe kwifowuni ephathekayo. Ngokubanzi, umbane okhuselekileyo womzimba womntu ngu-36V. Oko kukuthi, phantsi kokutshaja okuqhelekileyo, nokuba imeko yefowuni iyavuza, i-voltage ephantsi yokuphuma ayiyi kubangela ingozi kumzimba womntu.
Ngokumalunga neendaba ezifanelekileyo kwi-Intanethi malunga "nokufowuna kunye nokubanjwa ngumbane ngelixa utshaja", kunokufunyanwa ukuba umxholo uprintwa ngokusisiseko. Umthombo wokuqala wolwazi kunzima ukuqinisekisa, kwaye akukho ngxelo evela kulo naliphi na igunya elifana namapolisa, ngoko ke kunzima ukugweba inyaniso yeendaba ezifanelekileyo. ngesondo. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokutshaja ezifanelekileyo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yelizwe ukubiza iifowuni eziphathwayo, "ifowuni yabanjwa ngumbane ngelixa itshaja" i-alarmist, kodwa iphinda ikhumbuze izihlwele zabantu ukuba zisebenzise abavelisi abasemthethweni xa betshaja iiselfowuni. Itshaja ehlangabezana nemigangatho yesizwe efanelekileyo.
Ukongeza, musa ukuqhaqha ibhetri ngokuzimeleyo ngexesha usebenzisa ifowuni ephathwayo. Xa ibhetri ingaqhelekanga njengokudumba, yeka ukuyisebenzisa kwangethuba kwaye uyibuyisele umenzi wefowuni ephathwayo ukunqanda iingozi zokhuseleko ezibangelwa kukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kwebhetri kangangoko.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-24-2021