Uqikelelo lwemeko yentlawulo (i-SOC) yebhetri ye-lithium inzima ngokobuchwepheshe, ngakumbi kwizicelo apho ibhetri ingahlawuliswanga ngokupheleleyo okanye ikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo. Ezo zicelo zizithuthi zombane ezixutyiweyo (HEVs). Umceli mngeni uvela kwiimpawu zokukhupha amandla ombane welithium. Umbane awuguquki ukusuka kwi-70% ye-SOC ukuya kwi-20% ye-SOC. Ngapha koko, ukwahluka kombane ngenxa yotshintsho lobushushu kuyafana nokwahluka kombane ngenxa yokukhutshwa, ke ukuba i-SOC iza kuthathwa kumbane, ubushushu beseli kufuneka bubuyekezwe.
Omnye umceli mngeni kukuba umthamo webhetri ugqitywe ngomthamo wesona sixhobo sisezantsi, ngoko ke i-SOC akufanele igwetywe ngokusekelwe kumbane we-terminal weseli, kodwa kwi-terminal voltage yeyona seli ibuthathaka. Konke oku kuvakala kunzima kakhulu. Ke kutheni le nto singayigcini nje isixa sisonke sangoku esiqukuqelayo kwiseli kwaye siyilungelelanise nomsinga ophumayo? Oku kwaziwa ngokubala kwe-coulometric kwaye kuvakala kulula ngokwaneleyo, kodwa kukho ubunzima obuninzi ngale ndlela.
Iibhetriayizobhetri ezigqibeleleyo. Abasoze babuyise into oyifaka kubo. Kukho ukuvuza okwangoku ngexesha lokutshaja, okuhluka ngokweqondo lobushushu, izinga lentlawulo, imeko yentlawulo kunye nokuguga.
Umthamo webhetri nawo uyahluka ngaphandle komgca kunye nesantya sokukhupha. Ukukhawuleza ukukhupha, amandla aphantsi. Ukususela ekukhutshweni kwe-0.5C ukuya kwi-5C, ukunciphisa kunokufikelela kwi-15%.
Iibhetri zinokuvuza okuphezulu kakhulu ngoku kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Iiseli zangaphakathi kwibhetri zinokuhamba zishushu ngakumbi kuneeseli zangaphandle, ngoko ke ukuvuza kweeseli ngebhetri kuya kungalingani.
Umthamo ukwangumsebenzi wobushushu. Ezinye iikhemikhali ze-lithium zichaphazeleka ngakumbi kunabanye.
Ukuhlawulela oku kungalingani, ukulinganisa kweeseli kusetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwebhetri. Oku kuvuza kwangoku kongezelelweyo akunakulinganiswa ngaphandle kwebhetri.
Umthamo webhetri wehla ngokuthe ngcembe kubomi beseli kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Nayiphi na i-offset encinci kumlinganiselo wangoku iya kuhlanganiswa kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha ingaba yinani elikhulu, elichaphazela kakhulu ukuchaneka kwe-SOC.
Konke oku ngasentla kuya kubangela ukukhukuliseka ngokuchaneka kwexesha ngaphandle kokuba ulungelelwaniso oluqhelekileyo lwenziwa, kodwa oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ibhetri iphantse ikhutshwe okanye iphantse izele. Kwiinkqubo ze-HEV kungcono ukuyigcina ibhetri ikwixabiso elimalunga ne-50%, ngoko ke enye indlela enokwenzeka yokulungisa ngokuthembekileyo ukuchaneka kwemitha kukutshaja ibhetri ngokupheleleyo ngamaxesha athile. Iimoto zombane ezisulungekileyo zihlala zihlawuliswa ukuba zizele okanye ziphantse zigcwale, ngoko ke ukulinganisa ngemitha okusekwe kwizibalo zekholometric kunokuchaneka kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba ezinye iingxaki zebhetri ziyahlawulelwa.
Isitshixo sokuchaneka okulungileyo ekubaleni i-coulometric kukufumanisa okulungileyo ngoku kuluhlu olubanzi oluguquguqukayo.
Indlela yemveli yokulinganisa yangoku ithi i-shunt, kodwa ezi ndlela ziwela phantsi xa iphezulu (250A +) imisinga ibandakanyeka. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamandla, i-shunt kufuneka ibe nokuchasana okuphantsi. I-shunts ephantsi yokumelana ayifanelekanga ukulinganisa i-currents ephantsi (50mA). Oku kuphakamisa ngokukhawuleza umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu: yintoni ubuncinci kunye nemisinga ephezulu ekufuneka ilinganiswe? Oku kubizwa ngokuba luluhlu oluguquguqukayo.
Kuthathwa umthamo webhetri we-100Ahr, uqikelelo olurhabaxa lwempazamo eyamkelekileyo yohlanganiso.
Impazamo ye-4 Amp iya kuvelisa i-100% yeempazamo ngosuku okanye i-0.4A impazamo iya kuvelisa i-10% yeempazamo ngosuku.
Impazamo ye-4/7A iya kuvelisa i-100% yeempazamo phakathi kweveki okanye i-60mA impazamo iya kuvelisa i-10% yeempazamo phakathi kweveki.
Impazamo ye-4/28A iya kuvelisa impazamo ye-100% ngenyanga okanye impazamo ye-15mA iya kuvelisa impazamo ye-10% ngenyanga, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ngowona mlinganiselo ubalaseleyo onokulindelwa ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwakhona ngenxa yokutshaja okanye ukukhutshwa ngokupheleleyo.
Ngoku makhe sijonge i-shunt elinganisa umsinga. Kwi-250A, i-1m ohm shunt iya kuba kwicala eliphezulu kwaye ivelise i-62.5W. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-15mA iya kuvelisa kuphela i-microvolts eyi-15, eya kulahleka kwingxolo yangasemva. Uluhlu oluguquguqukayo luyi-250A/15mA = 17,000:1. Ukuba umguquli we-14-bit A/D unokwenene "ukubona" umqondiso kwingxolo, kwi-offset kunye nokukhukuliseka, ngoko ke i-14-bit ye-A/D yokuguqula iyafuneka. Isizathu esibalulekileyo se-offset yi-voltage kunye ne-ground loop offset eyenziwe yi-thermocouple.
Ngokusisiseko, akukho nzwa inokulinganisa okwangoku kolu luhlu oluguquguqukayo. Izinzwa eziphezulu zangoku ziyafuneka ukulinganisa imisinga ephezulu ukusuka kwimizekelo yokutsalwa kunye nokutshaja, ngelixa i-sensors yangoku ephantsi iyadingeka ukulinganisa imisinga ukusuka, umzekelo, izincedisi kunye nayiphi na imeko ye-zero yangoku. Ekubeni i-sensor yangoku ephantsi kwakhona "ibona" i-current high, ayinakonakaliswa okanye yonakaliswe yilezi, ngaphandle kokugcwalisa. Oku kubala ngokukhawuleza i-shunt yangoku.
Isisombululo
Usapho olufanelekileyo kakhulu lwabenzi boluvo luvulekile loop Iholo yesiphumo iisenso zangoku. Ezi zixhobo aziyi konakaliswa yimisinga ephezulu kwaye i-Raztec iphuhlise i-sensor range enokulinganisa ngokwenene imisinga kuluhlu lwe-milliamp ngokusebenzisa umqhubi omnye. umsebenzi wokudlulisa we-100mV/AT uyasebenza, ngoko ke i-15mA yangoku iya kuvelisa i-1.5mV esebenzisekayo. ngokusebenzisa eyona imathiriyeli engundoqo ekhoyo, i-remanence ephantsi kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-milliamp enye nayo inokufezekiswa. Kwi-100mV/AT, ukugcwala kuya kwenzeka ngaphezulu kwe-25 Amps. Inzuzo esezantsi yeprogram yekhosi ivumela imisinga ephezulu.
Imisinga ephezulu ilinganiswa kusetyenziswa iinzwa eziqhelekileyo zangoku eziphezulu. Ukutshintshela kwi-sensor enye ukuya kwenye kufuna ingqiqo elula.
Uluhlu olutsha lwe-Raztec lwezinzwa ezingenasiphelo lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwiinzwa zangoku eziphezulu. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngomgca obalaseleyo, uzinzo kunye ne-zero hysteresis. Ziyakwazi ukulungelelaniswa ngokulula kuluhlu olubanzi lokucwangciswa koomatshini kunye noluhlu lwangoku. Ezi zixhobo zenziwe zisebenziseka ngokusetyenziswa kwesizukulwana esitsha se-magnetic field sensors kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo.
Zombini ezi ntlobo zesivamvo zihlala ziluncedo ekulawuleni umlinganiso wesignali ukuya kwingxolo kunye noluhlu oluguquguqukayo oluphezulu kakhulu lwemisinga efunekayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuchaneka okugqithisileyo kuya kuba yimfuneko njengoko ibhetri ngokwayo ayisosibali esichanekileyo se-coulomb. Impazamo ye-5% phakathi kwentlawulo nokukhupha iqhelekile kwiibhetri apho kukho ukungangqinelani okunye. Unale nto engqondweni, ubuchule obulula obusebenzisa imodeli yebhetri esisiseko bunokusetyenziswa. Imodeli inokubandakanya i-no-load terminal voltage ngokuchasene nomthamo, i-voltage yentlawulo ngokuchasene nomthamo, ukukhutshwa kunye nokuchasana kwentlawulo enokuguqulwa ngomthamo kunye nemijikelo yentlawulo / yokukhupha. Umlinganiselo wexesha lombane elilinganisiweyo elifanelekileyo kufuneka usekwe ukuze uvumelene nokuncipha kunye nexesha lokubuyisela amandla ombane.
Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yomgangatho olungileyo weebhetri ze-lithium kukuba zilahlekelwa umthamo omncinci kakhulu kumazinga aphezulu okukhutshwa. Le nyaniso yenza izibalo zibe lula. Bakwanayo nokuvuza okuphantsi kakhulu. Ukuvuza kwenkqubo kunokuba phezulu.
Obu buchule buvumela imeko yoqikelelo lwentlawulo phakathi kweepesenti ezimbalwa zesakhono esiseleyo emva kokumisela iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubala i-coulomb. Ibhetri iba yikhawuntara yecoulomb.
Imithombo yemposiso ngaphakathi koluvo lwangoku
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, impazamo ye-offset ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-coulometric count kwaye ilungiselelo kufuneka lenziwe ngaphakathi kwe-SOC esweni ukulinganisa i-sensor offset ukuya kwi-zero phantsi kweemeko zangoku. Oku kuqhelekile ukwenzeka kuphela ngexesha lofakelo lwasefektri. Nangona kunjalo, iisistim zinokubakho ezimisela i-zero yangoku kwaye ke ngoko zivumela uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo lwe-offset. Le yimeko efanelekileyo njengoko i-drift ingalungiselelwa.
Ngelishwa, zonke iitekhnoloji ze-sensor zivelisa i-thermal offset drift, kwaye izinzwa zangoku azinjalo. Ngoku sinokubona ukuba olu luphawu olubalulekileyo. Ngokusebenzisa amacandelo asemgangathweni kunye noyilo olunyamekileyo e-Raztec, siye saphuhlisa uluhlu lwezinzwa zangoku ezizinzileyo ze-thermal kunye noluhlu lwe-drift <0.25mA/K. Ukutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kwe-20K, oku kunokuvelisa impazamo enkulu ye-5mA.
Omnye umthombo oqhelekileyo wempazamo kwiinzwa zangoku ezibandakanya isekethe yamagnetic yimpazamo ye-hysteresis ebangelwa yimagnetism eseleyo. Oku kuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-400mA, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ezo nzwa zoluvo zingakulungelanga ukubeka esweni ibhetri. Ngokukhetha eyona mathiriyeli imagnethi ingcono, iRaztec yehlise lo mgangatho ukuya kwi-20mA kwaye le mpazamo iye yancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba kufuneka impazamo encinci, i-demagnetization inokwenzeka, kodwa yongeza ubunzima obuninzi.
Imposiso encinci kukukhukuliseka komsebenzi wogqithiselo ulungelelwaniso kunye neqondo lobushushu, kodwa kuluvo lobunzima esi siphumo sincinci kakhulu kunokukhukuliseka kokusebenza kweseli kunye nobushushu.
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yoqikelelo lwe-SOC kukusebenzisa indibaniselwano yeendlela zombane ezizinzileyo ezingenamthwalo, amandla ombane weeseli abuyekezwe yi-IXR, ukubalwa kwe-coulometric kunye nembuyekezo yobushushu beeparamitha. Ngokomzekelo, iimpazamo zokudibanisa ixesha elide zinokungahoywa ngokuqikelela i-SOC yokungabikho komthwalo okanye i-voltage yebhetri ephantsi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-09-2022