Amaxabiso ebhetri yeLithium-ion anyukile ukuya kumlinganiselo omkhulu. Isizathu emva kokunyuka kwamaxabiso zizinto eziphathekayo.
Intshayelelo
Le ibhetri ehlaziywayo apho i-lithium-ion ivelisa amandla. Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion iqukethe i-electrode engalunganga kunye ne-positive. Le ibhetri ehlaziywayo apho i-lithium ion ihamba ukusuka kwi-electrode engalunganga ukuya kwii-electrode ezilungileyo nge-electrolyte. Ukukhutshwa kuya phambili nangasemva xa kutshaja. Izixhobo ezininzi zisebenzisa iiseli ze-lithium-ion (Li-ion), kubandakanywa izixhobo zombane, imidlalo, ii-headphones zeBluetooth, izixhobo zamandla eziphathwayo, izinto ezincinci nezinkulu, iimoto zombane, kunye ne-electrochemical.ukugcinwa kwamandlaizixhobo. Banokuyibeka emngciphekweni impilo kunye nemekobume ukuba ayiphathwa ngokufanelekileyo ekupheleni komjikelo wabo wobomi.
Umzila
Ukunyuka kweemfuno zemarike yeebhetri ze-Li-ion kunokubalelwa kwinxalenye enkulu "kuxinzelelo lwamandla." Ubuninzi bamandla abanjwe yinkqubo kwiindawo ezininzi ezinikiweyo zibizwa ngokuba yi "energy density." Ngelixa ugcina umyinge ofanayo wombane,iibhetri ze-lithiuminokuba mncinci kwaye ibe khaphukhaphu kunezinye iindidi zebhetri. Oku kuthotywa kukhawulezise ukwamkelwa kwabathengi bezixhobo ezincinci ezinokuthuthwa kunye nezingenazingcingo.
Ixabiso Lebhetri Yonyuka
Amaxabiso ezinto zeLithium-ion Aye Anda kakhulu.
Nangona ixabiso lebhetri liye lehla ukususela ngo-2010, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okubalulekileyo kwiintsimbi eziphambili zeseli ezifana ne-lithium kwenze ukuthandabuza kubomi babo obude. Amaxabiso ebhetri e-EV ayakukhula njani kwixesha elizayo? Ixabiso leiibhetri ze-lithium-ioninokwanda kwikamva elizayo ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu.
Ukunyuka kweXabiso ayonto intsha.
Ayilophando lokuqala olubonisa ukunqongophala kwezinto ezingasetyenziswanga njengesandulela sokunyusa amaxabiso ebhetri. Olunye upapasho luchonge i-nickel njengentsilelo enokwenzeka, ayizizo zonke iiseli eziyifunayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokwe-BNEF, iinkxalabo zobonelelo-mpahla ziye zawanyusa amaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada ngexabiso eliphantsi.lithium iron phosphate(LFP) imichiza, ngoku ethandwa ngabavelisi abaninzi baseTshayina kunye nabavelisi beebhetri kwaye yamkelwa ngokuqhubekayo nguTesla. Ngokophando, abenzi beeseli ze-LFP baseTshayina baye banyusa ixabiso labo nge-10% ukuya kwi-20% ukususela ngoSeptemba.
Ixabisa malini iSeli yeBatri ye-Lithium-Ion?
Makhe siphule ixabiso lexabiso lebhetri ye-lithium-ion. Ngokwezibalo zeBloombergNEF, ixabiso lecathode yeseli nganye libalelwa ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha salo mali ixabiso leseli.
| ICandelo leSeli yebhetri yeV | I-% yeXabiso leSeli |
| Cathode | 51% |
| Izindlu kunye nezinye izixhobo | 3% |
| Electrolyte | 4% |
| Umahluli | 7% |
| Imveliso kunye nokuhla kwexabiso | 24% |
| Anode | 11% |
Ukususela kokuqhekeka okungasentla kwexabiso lebhetri ye-lithium-ion, siye safumanisa ukuba i-cathode yeyona nto ibiza kakhulu. Ibalelwa kwi-51% yexabiso elipheleleyo.
I-cathode ine-electrode yentlawulo efanelekileyo. Xa isixhobo sikhupha ibhetri, ii-electron kunye ne-lithium ion zihamba ukusuka kwi-anode ukuya kwi-cathode. Zihlala apho de ibhetri iphinde igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Iicathodes zezona nxalenye zibalulekileyo zeebhetri. Ichaphazela kakhulu uluhlu, ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lobushushu beebhetri. Ke, le ikwayibhetri ye-EV.
Iseli ineentsimbi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, iqulethe i-nickel kunye ne-lithium. Namhlanje, iingoma eziqhelekileyo ze-cathode zezi:
Izinto zebhetri ezibandakanya i-cathode zifunwa kakhulu, kunye nabavelisi abanjengoTesla bekrazula ukufumana izinto njenge-EV yokuthengisa. Enyanisweni, iimpahla ezikwi-cathode, kunye nezinye ezikwamanye amacandelo eselula, zenza malunga ne-40% yexabiso leseli lilonke.
Amaxabiso amanye amalungu ebhetri yeLithium-Ion
I-49 pesenti eseleyo yeendleko zeseli iquka amacandelo ngaphandle kwe-cathode. Inkqubo yokuvelisa, equka ukwenza i-electrodes, ukudibanisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo, kunye nokugqiba iseli, i-akhawunti ye-24% yeendleko zonke. I-anode yenye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yeebhetri, ibalwa kwi-12% yeendleko ezipheleleyo-malunga nesinye sesine sesahlulo se-cathode. I-anode yeseli ye-Li-ion iquka i-organic okanye i-inorganic graphite, enexabiso eliphantsi kunezinye izinto zebhetri.
Nangona kunjalo, amaxabiso anyukayo empahla ekrwada acebisa ukuba umndilili weendleko zepakethi unokukhula ukuya kwi-5/kWh ngokwemigaqo yegama ngo-2022. Ngokungabikho kwenkqubela phambili yangaphandle enokunciphisa esi siphumo, ixesha apho iindleko zehla ngaphantsi kwe-0/kWh zinokulibaziseka ngo-2 iminyaka. Oku kuya kuba nefuthe kwi-EV yokufikeleleka kunye nenzuzo yomvelisi, kunye noqoqosho lofakelo lokugcina amandla.
Utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo lwe-R&D, kunye nokukhula kwamandla kulo lonke uthungelwano losasazo, kuya kunceda ukuqhubela phambili ubugcisa bebhetri kunye namaxabiso asezantsi kwisizukulwana esilandelayo. I-BloombergNEF ilindele ukuba ukuveliswa kwesizukulwana esilandelayo njengesilicon kunye ne-lithium-based anode, iikhemistri eziqinileyo, kunye nenoveli yecathode into kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa iiseli ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni ukuhla kwexabiso.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-09-2022