Kwimeko yokushisa ephantsi, ukusebenza kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion ayifanelekanga. Xa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenza kwi--10 ° C, intlawulo yazo ephezulu kunye nomthamo wokukhupha kunye nomthamo we-terminal iya kuncitshiswa kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nobushushu obuqhelekileyo [6], xa ubushushu bokukhutshwa buhla ukuya kwi-20 ° C, amandla akhoyo nokuba kuncitshiswe 1/3 kwiqondo lobushushu 25 ° C, xa ubushushu ukukhutshwa lisezantsi, ezinye iibhetri lithium akakwazi nokuhlawulisa kunye nokukhupha imisebenzi, ukungena "ibhetri efileyo" karhulumente.
I-1, Iimpawu zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi
(1) IMacroscopic
Utshintsho oluphawulekayo lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ngokuncipha okuqhubekayo kweqondo lokushisa, ukuchasana kwe-ohmic kunye nokunyuka kwe-polarization kwanda kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo; I-voltage yokukhupha ibhetri ye-lithium-ion iphantsi kunobushushu obuqhelekileyo. Xa utshaja kwaye ukhupha kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, i-voltage yayo yokusebenza iphakama okanye iwa ngokukhawuleza kunokushisa okuqhelekileyo, okubangelwa ukuhla okubonakalayo kumandla asebenzayo kunye namandla.
(2) NgeMikroskopu
Utshintsho lokusebenza kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kakhulu ngenxa yempembelelo yezi zinto zilandelayo ezibalulekileyo. Xa ubushushu be-ambient bungaphantsi kwe-20℃, i-electrolyte engamanzi iyaqina, i-viscosity yayo iyanda kakhulu, kwaye i-ionic conductivity yayo iyancipha. Ukusasazwa kwe-lithium ion kwizinto ezilungileyo kunye nezingalunganga ze-electrode zicotha; I-Lithium ion kunzima ukuyichitha, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwayo kwifilimu ye-SEI kuhamba kancinci, kwaye i-impedance yokudluliselwa kwentlawulo iyanda. Ingxaki ye-lithium dendrite ibonakala kakhulu kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi.
I-2, Ukusombulula ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi beebhetri ze-lithium-ion
Yila inkqubo yolwelo entsha ye-electrolytic ukuhlangabezana nemekobume yobushushu obuphantsi; Ukuphucula ubume be-electrode elungileyo kunye nengalunganga ukukhawulezisa isantya sothumelo kunye nokunciphisa umgama wothumelo; Lawula ujongano oluhle kunye olubi oluqinileyo lwe-electrolyte ukunciphisa i-impedance.
(1) izongezo ze-electrolyte
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo ezisebenzayo kungenye yeendlela ezisebenzayo kunye nezoqoqosho zokuphucula ukusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwebhetri kunye nokunceda ukwenza ifilimu efanelekileyo ye-SEI. Okwangoku, iintlobo eziphambili zezongezo zi-isocyanate ezisekelwe kwi-additives, izongezo ezisekelwe kwisulfure, izongezo ze-ionic liquid kunye ne-inorganic lithium ityuwa.
Ngokomzekelo, i-dimethyl sulfite (DMS) izongezo ezisekelwe kwisulfure, ezinomsebenzi wokunciphisa ofanelekileyo, kwaye ngenxa yokuba iimveliso zayo zokunciphisa kunye ne-lithium ion yokubopha ibuthathaka kune-vinyl sulfate (DTD), ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo ze-organic kuya kwandisa i-interface impedance, uzinzile ngakumbi kwaye ngcono ionic conductivity of the negative electrode interface film. I-sulfite esters emelwe yi-dimethyl sulfite (DMS) ine-dielectric ephezulu engaguqukiyo kunye neqondo lokushisa elibanzi.
(2) I-solvent ye-electrolyte
I-electrolyte ye-lithium-ion yebhetri yendabuko kukuchitha i-1 mol ye-lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) kwi-solvent exutywe, njenge-EC, i-PC, i-VC, i-DMC, i-methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) okanye i-diethyl carbonate (DEC), apho ukubunjwa i-solvent, i-melting point, i-dielectric constant, i-viscosity kunye nokuhambelana netyuwa ye-lithium iya kuchaphazela kakhulu ubushushu bokusebenza kwebhetri. Okwangoku, i-electrolyte yorhwebo kulula ukuqinisa xa ifakwe kwindawo yokushisa ephantsi -20 ℃ nangaphantsi, i-dielectric engaguqukiyo eyenza ukuba ityuwa ye-lithium ibe nzima ukuhlukana, kwaye i-viscosity iphezulu kakhulu ukwenza ibhetri ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwaye iphantsi. iqonga lombane. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zinokuba nokusebenza okungcono kubushushu obuphantsi ngokulungisa umlinganiselo okhoyo wokunyibilikisa, njengokuphucula ukwakhiwa kwe-electrolyte (EC:PC:EMC=1:2:7) ukuze i-TiO2(B)/graphene negative electrode ibe ne-A. umthamo we ~240 mA h g-1 ku -20℃ kunye ne-0.1 A g-1 yoxinaniso lwangoku. Okanye phuhlisa izinyibilikisi ezintsha zobushushu obuphantsi be-electrolyte. Ukusebenza kakubi kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kakhulu lihambelana nokuchithwa okucothayo kwe-Li + ngexesha lenkqubo yokufakela i-Li + kwizinto ze-electrode. Izinto ezinamandla okubopha okuphantsi phakathi kwe-Li + kunye neemolekyuli ezinyibilikayo, ezifana ne-1, i-3-dioxopentylene (DIOX), inokukhethwa, kwaye i-nanoscale lithium titanate isetyenziswa njengesixhobo se-electrode ukudibanisa uvavanyo lwebhetri ukuhlawulela ukuncipha kwe-coefficient yokusabalalisa Izinto ze-electrode kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza okungcono kobushushu obuphantsi.
(3) ityuwa ye-lithium
Okwangoku, i-ion ye-LiPF6 yorhwebo ine-conductivity ephezulu, iimfuno zokufuma okuphezulu kokusingqongileyo, ukuzinza okungahambi kakuhle kwe-thermal, kunye neegesi ezimbi ezifana ne-HF ekuphenduleni kwamanzi kulula ukubangela iingozi zokhuseleko. Ifilimu eqinile ye-electrolyte eveliswa yi-lithium difluoroxalate borate (LiODFB) izinzile ngokwaneleyo kwaye inokusebenza okungcono kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza kwezinga eliphezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-LiODFB ineenzuzo zazo zombini i-lithium dioxalate borate (LiBOB) kunye ne-LiBF4.
3. Isishwankathelo
Ukusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kuya kuthinteka kwizinto ezininzi ezifana nezixhobo ze-electrode kunye ne-electrolytes. Ukuphuculwa okubanzi kwiimbono ezininzi ezifana nezixhobo ze-electrode kunye ne-electrolyte kunokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuphuhliswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, kunye nethemba lokusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium lilungile, kodwa iteknoloji kufuneka iphuhliswe kwaye igqitywe kuphando olongezelelweyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-27-2023