Iibhetri zeLithium yeyona nkqubo yebhetri ikhula ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zombane. Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwamva nje lweeselfowuni kunye neelaptops lugqabhuko-dubulo lwebhetri. Iibhetri zeselfowuni nezelaptop zikhangeleka njani, zisebenza njani, kutheni ziqhushumba, kwaye ungaziphepha njani.
Imiphumo emibi iqala ukwenzeka xa iseli ye-lithium ihlawuliswa kakhulu kwi-voltage ephezulu kune-4.2V. Okukhona uphezulu uxinzelelo lwentlawulo egqithisileyo, kokukhona umngcipheko uphezulu. Kwii-voltages ezingaphezulu kwe-4.2V, xa ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha se-athomu ye-lithium ishiywe kwizinto ze-cathode, iseli yokugcina igcina iyancipha, ibangele ukuhla ngokusisigxina kwibhetri. Ukuba intlawulo iyaqhubeka, isinyithi se-lithium esilandelayo siya kufumba phezu kwezinto eziphathekayo ze-cathode, ekubeni iseli yokugcina i-cathode sele igcwele ii-athomu ze-lithium. Ezi athom ze-lithium zikhula iikristale ze-dendritic ukusuka kumphezulu we-cathode kwicala le-ion ze-lithium. I-lithium crystals iya kudlula kwiphepha le-diaphragm, ifutshane i-anode kunye ne-cathode. Ngamanye amaxesha ibhetri iyadubula phambi kokuba isekethi emfutshane yenzeke. Kungenxa yokuba ngexesha lenkqubo ye-overcharge, izinto ezinjenge-electrolytes ziyaqhekeka ukuvelisa igesi ebangela ukuba i-casing yebhetri okanye ivalve yoxinzelelo idumbe kwaye igqabhuke, ivumela ioksijini ukuba isabele ngeeathom ze-lithium eziqokelelwe kumphezulu we-electrode engalunganga kwaye iqhume.
Ngoko ke, xa ibhetri ye-lithium itshaja, kuyimfuneko ukuseta umda ophezulu wombane, ukuqwalasela ubomi bebhetri, umthamo kunye nokhuseleko. Owona mlinganiselo uphezulu wombane wokutshaja yi-4.2V. Kufuneka kwakhona kubekho umda ophantsi wombane xa iiseli ze-lithium ziphuma. Xa i-voltage yeseli iwela ngaphantsi kwe-2.4V, ezinye zezinto ziqala ukuphuka. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ibhetri iya kuzikhupha ngokwayo, beka ixesha elide i-voltage iya kuba ngaphantsi, ngoko ke, kungcono ukuba ungakhupheli i-2.4V ukumisa. Ukususela kwi-3.0V ukuya kwi-2.4V, iibhetri ze-lithium zikhulula kuphela malunga ne-3% yomthamo wabo. Ke ngoko, i-3.0V yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokukhupha amandla ombane. Xa uhlawula kwaye ukhupha, ngaphezu komda we-voltage, umda wangoku nawo uyimfuneko. Xa i-current iphezulu kakhulu, i-lithium ion ayinalo ixesha lokungena kwiseli yokugcina, iya kuqokelela phezu kwezinto eziphathekayo.
Njengoko ezi ion zifumana ii-electron, ziqaqambisa iiathom ze-lithium kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo, ezinokuba yingozi njengokutshaja kakhulu. Ukuba imeko yebhetri iyaphuka, iya kuqhuma. Ngoko ke, ukukhuselwa kwebhetri ye-lithium ion kufuneka ubuncinane kubandakanye umda ophezulu we-voltage yokutshaja, umda ophantsi wokukhupha i-voltage kunye nomda ophezulu wangoku. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukongeza kwi-core ye-lithium yebhetri, kuya kubakho ipleyiti yokukhusela, eyona nto ibonelela ngezi zintathu zokukhusela. Nangona kunjalo, ipleyiti yokukhusela kwezi zintathu zokukhusela ngokucacileyo akwanelanga, iziganeko zokuqhuma kwebhetri ye-lithium yehlabathi okanye rhoqo. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweenkqubo zebhetri, uhlalutyo olunenyameko ngakumbi lonobangela wokuqhuma kwebhetri luyafuneka.
Unobangela wogqabhuko-dubulo:
1. I-polarization enkulu yangaphakathi;
2.Iqhekeza lepali lifunxa amanzi kwaye liphendule ngegubu legesi ye-electrolyte;
3.Umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwe-electrolyte ngokwayo;
4.Ubungakanani benaliti yolwelo ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo;
5. Ukusebenza kwe-laser welding seal ayilunganga kwinkqubo yokulungiselela, kwaye ukuvuza komoya kufunyenwe.
6. Uthuli kunye ne-pole-piece dust kulula ukwenza i-microshort circuit yokuqala;
7.Positive and negative plate thicker than the process range, hard to shell;
8. Ingxaki yokutywina yenaliti yolwelo, ukusebenza kakubi kokutywinwa kwebhola yentsimbi kukhokelela kwigubu legesi;
9.Iqokobhe lezinto ezingenayo udonga lweqokobhe lingqindilili kakhulu, ukuguqulwa kweqokobhe kuchaphazela ubukhulu;
10. Ubushushu obuphezulu be-ambient ngaphandle ikwangoyena nobangela wogqabhuko-dubulo.
Uhlobo logqabhuko-dubulo
Uhlobo loqhushumbo Uhlahlelo Iindidi zokuqhushumba kwesiseko sebhetri zingahlelwa njengesekethe emfutshane yangaphandle, isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi, kunye ne-overcharge. Umphandle apha ubhekisa kumphandle weseli, kubandakanywa isekethe emfutshane ebangelwa kuyilo olulambathayo lokugquma kwebhetri yangaphakathi. Xa isiphaluka esifutshane sisenzeka ngaphandle kweseli, kwaye izinto ze-elektroniki ziyasilela ukunqumla i-loop, iseli iya kuvelisa ubushushu obuphezulu ngaphakathi, ibangele ukuba inxalenye ye-electrolyte ibe ngumphunga, iqokobhe lebhetri. Xa ubushushu bangaphakathi bebhetri buphezulu ukuya kutsho kwi-135 degrees celcius, iphepha le-diaphragm elikumgangatho olungileyo liza kuvala umngxuma ocolekileyo, i-electrochemical reaction iyapheliswa okanye iphantse yapheliswa, i-plunges yangoku, kunye neqondo lobushushu nalo lehla ngokucothayo, ngaloo ndlela kuthintela ugqabhuko-dubulo. . Kodwa iphepha le-diaphragm elinesantya esibi sokuvala, okanye elingavaliyo kwaphela, liya kuyigcina ibhetri ishushu, ikhuphe i-electrolyte eninzi, kwaye ekugqibeleni igqabhuke isingxobo sebhetri, okanye inyuse iqondo lobushushu bebhetri ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba apho izinto zitsha. kwaye iyaqhuma. Isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi sibangelwa ikakhulu yi-burr yefoyile yobhedu kunye nefoyile ye-aluminium egqobhoza i-diaphragm, okanye iikristale ze-dendritic ze-athomu ze-lithium ezigqobhoza i-diaphragm.
Ezi zinyithi zincinci, njengenaliti zinokubangela iisekethe ze-microshort. Ngenxa yokuba inaliti ibhityile kakhulu kwaye inexabiso elithile lokumelana, okwangoku akuyomfuneko ukuba ibe nkulu kakhulu. I-burrs yefoyile ye-aluminium yobhedu ibangelwa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Into ephawulweyo yeyokuba ibhetri ivuza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye uninzi lwayo lunokujongwa ziifektri zeeseli okanye izityalo zendibano. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ii-burrs zincinci, ngamanye amaxesha ziyatsha, zenze ibhetri ibuyele kwisiqhelo. Ke ngoko, ukubakho kogqabhuko-dubulo olubangelwa yi-burr micro short circuit alukho phezulu. Umbono onjalo, unako ukuhlawulisa ukusuka ngaphakathi kumzi-mveliso weseli nganye, i-voltage kwibhetri embi ephantsi, kodwa kunqabile ukuqhuma, ukufumana inkxaso yezibalo. Ngoko ke, ukuqhuma okubangelwa isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi kubangelwa ikakhulu kukugqithisa. Ngenxa yokuba kukho iikristale zentsimbi ze-lithium ezinje ngenaliti kuyo yonke indawo kwiphepha le-electrode elingasemva, iindawo zokuhlatywa zikho kuyo yonke indawo, kwaye isekethe emfutshane encinci yenzeke kuyo yonke indawo. Ke ngoko, ubushushu beseli buya kunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ekugqibeleni ubushushu obuphezulu buya kuba yigesi ye-electrolyte. Le meko, nokuba iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kakhulu ukwenza ukuqhuma kwezinto ezivuthayo, okanye iqokobhe laqala laphuka, ukuze umoya kunye ne-lithium metal oxidation ebukhali, kukuphela kogqabhuko-dubulo.
Kodwa ukuqhuma okunjalo, okubangelwa isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi esibangelwa ukugqithisa, akufuneki ukuba kwenzeke ngexesha lokuhlawula. Kunokwenzeka ukuba abathengi bayeke ukutshaja kwaye bakhuphe iifowuni zabo ngaphambi kokuba ibhetri ishushu ngokwaneleyo ukutshisa izinto kunye nokuvelisa igesi eyaneleyo ukugqabhuza i-casing yebhetri. Ubushushu obuveliswa ziisekethe ezininzi ezimfutshane bufudumeza kancinci ibhetri kwaye, emva kwexesha elithile, luyaqhuma. Inkcazo eqhelekileyo yabathengi kukuba bathatha ifowuni kwaye bafumanisa ukuba kushushu kakhulu, baze balahle kwaye baqhume. Ngokusekelwe kwiintlobo ezingasentla zokuqhuma, sinokugxila ekukhuselweni kwe-overcharge, ukuthintela isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle, kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lweseli. Phakathi kwabo, ukukhuselwa kwe-overcharge kunye nesiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle kukukhusela i-elektroniki, ehambelana kakhulu noyilo lwenkqubo yebhetri kunye nepakethe yebhetri. Inqaku eliphambili lokuphucula ukhuseleko lweeseli kukukhuselwa kweekhemikhali kunye noomatshini, onobudlelwane obukhulu kunye nabavelisi beeseli.
Ingxaki efihliweyo ekhuselekileyo
Ukhuseleko lwebhetri ye-lithium ion aluhambelani kuphela nobume bezinto zeseli ngokwayo, kodwa lunxulumene neteknoloji yokulungiselela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwebhetri. Iibhetri zefowuni eziphathwayo zihlala ziqhuma, kwelinye icala, ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwesekethe yokukhusela, kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, inkalo yezinto eziphathekayo ayizange isombulule ingxaki.
I-Cobalt acid lithium cathode esebenzayo yinkqubo ekhulile kakhulu kwiibhetri ezincinci, kodwa emva kwentlawulo epheleleyo, kusekho i-ion ezininzi ze-lithium kwi-anode, xa i-overcharge, eseleyo kwi-anode ye-lithium ion kulindeleke ukuba iqhubele kwi-anode. , yenziwe kwi-cathode dendrite isebenzisa i-cobalt acid lithium ibhetri ye-overcharge corollary, nakwinkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuhlawulisa kunye nokukhupha, Kusenokubakho i-ion ze-lithium engaphezulu kwe-electrode engafanelekanga ukwenza i-dendrites. Amandla athile e-theory ye-lithium cobalate impahla ingaphezulu kwe-270 mah / g, kodwa amandla okwenene sisiqingatha kuphela somthamo wethiyori ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo ngebhayisikile. Kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa, ngenxa yesizathu esithile (njengomonakalo kwinkqubo yokulawula) kunye ne-voltage yokutshaja ibhetri iphezulu kakhulu, inxalenye eseleyo ye-lithium kwi-electrode efanelekileyo iya kususwa, ngokusebenzisa i-electrolyte ukuya kwindawo engafanelekanga ye-electrode. ifom ye-lithium metal deposition ukwenza i-dendrites. I-Dendrites Pierce i-diaphragm, idala isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi.
Inxalenye ephambili ye-electrolyte yi-carbonate, ene-flash point ephantsi kunye neqondo eliphantsi lokubilisa. Iya kutshisa okanye ide iqhume phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ukuba ibhetri iyatshisa, iya kukhokelela kwi-oxidation kunye nokunciphisa i-carbonate kwi-electrolyte, okubangela ukuba kubekho igesi eninzi kunye nobushushu obuninzi. Ukuba akukho valve yokhuseleko okanye igesi ayikhutshwanga ngevalve yokhuseleko, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri luya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye lubangele ugqabhuko-dubulo.
I-polymer electrolyte ibhetri ye-lithium ion ayisombululi ngokusisiseko ingxaki yokhuseleko, i-lithium cobalt acid kunye ne-organic electrolyte nazo zisetyenziswa, kwaye i-electrolyte i-colloidal, akukho lula ukuvuza, iya kwenzeka ukutsha okunobundlobongela, ukutsha yeyona ngxaki inkulu yokhuseleko lwebhetri ye-polymer.
Kukwakho nezinye iingxaki ngokusetyenziswa kwebhetri. Isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle okanye sangaphakathi sinokuvelisa ama-ampere angamakhulu ambalwa akhoyo ngoku. Xa isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle sisenzeka, ibhetri ikhupha ngokukhawuleza umsinga omkhulu, idla umthamo omkhulu wamandla kwaye ivelise ubushushu obukhulu ekuchaseni kwangaphakathi. Isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi senza umsinga omkhulu, kwaye ukushisa kunyuka, kubangela ukuba i-diaphragm inyibilike kunye nommandla wesiphaluka omfutshane ukwandisa, ngaloo ndlela udala umjikelezo onobukrakra.
Ibhetri ye-Lithium ion ukuze kuphunyezwe iseli enye 3 ~ 4.2V amandla ombane aphezulu okusebenza, kufuneka athathe ukubola kwamandla ombane angaphezulu kwe-2V ye-electrolyte ephilayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-electrolyte ye-organic kungokuphezulu, iimeko zobushushu obuphezulu ziya kuba yi-electrolyzed, i-electrolytic. igesi, ekhokelela kuxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olwandisiweyo, olubi luya kugqobhoza iqokobhe.
I-Overcharge inokunyusa isinyithi se-lithium, kwimeko yokuqhekeka kwegobolondo, ukudibana ngqo nomoya, okubangela ukutsha, kwangaxeshanye ukutshisa i-electrolyte, ilangatye elinamandla, ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwegesi, ukuqhuma.
Ukongezelela, kwifowuni ye-lithium ion ibhetri, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga, njengokukhupha, impembelelo kunye nokungena kwamanzi kukhokelela ekwandiseni ibhetri, ukuguqulwa kunye nokuqhekeka, njl., Okuya kukhokelela kwisiphaluka esifutshane sebhetri, ekukhutshweni okanye kwinkqubo yokutshaja okubangelwa. ngokugqabhuka kobushushu.
Ukhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium:
Ukuze ugweme ukukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ukugqithiswa okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga, indlela yokukhusela kathathu isetiwe kwibhetri ye-lithium ion enye. Enye kukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokutshintsha, xa ukushisa kwebhetri kuphakama, ukuchasana kwayo kuya kuphakama, xa ukushisa kuphezulu kakhulu, kuya kumisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukunikezelwa kwamandla; Okwesibini kukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo zokwahlula, xa izinga lokushisa liphakama kwixabiso elithile, i-micron pores kwi-partition iya kuchithwa ngokuzenzekelayo, ukwenzela ukuba i-lithium ion ayikwazi ukudlula, i-reactivity yangaphakathi yebhetri iyayeka; Okwesithathu kukuseta ivalve yokhuseleko (oko kukuthi, umngxuma wokukhupha umoya phezu kwebhetri). Xa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri lukhuphukela kwixabiso elithile, ivalve yokhuseleko iya kuvula ngokuzenzekelayo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwebhetri.
Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona ibhetri ngokwayo inamanyathelo okulawula ukhuseleko, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile ezibangelwa ukungaphumeleli kokulawula, ukungabikho kwevalve yokhuseleko okanye igesi ayinalo ixesha lokukhulula ngevalve yokhuseleko, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri luya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye lubangele. ugqabhuko-dubulo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amandla ewonke agcinwe kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ahambelana ngokungafaniyo nokhuseleko lwabo. Njengoko umthamo webhetri ukhula, umthamo webhetri uyanda, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kuyancipha, kwaye ukubakho kweengozi kuya kwanda kakhulu. Kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisetyenziswa kwiifowuni eziphathwayo, imfuneko esisiseko kukuba amathuba eengozi zokhuseleko kufuneka abe ngaphantsi kwesinye kwisigidi, okukwangumgangatho ophantsi owamkelekileyo kuluntu. Kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinkulu, ngakumbi kwiimoto, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwamkela ukuchithwa kobushushu obunyanzelwayo.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezikhuselekileyo ze-electrode, izinto ze-lithium manganese oxide, ngokwemiqathango yesakhiwo se-molecular ukuqinisekisa ukuba kwimeko epheleleyo yokuhlawula, i-lithium ion kwi-electrode efanelekileyo ifakwe ngokupheleleyo kwi-carbon hole, ngokusisiseko ugweme ukuveliswa kwe-dendrites. Kwangaxeshanye, ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo lithium manganese acid, ukuze ukusebenza kwayo oxidation isezantsi kakhulu kune lithium cobalt acid, ubushushu ukubola lithium cobalt acid ngaphezu 100 ℃, nangenxa yangaphandle short-circuit (imfuno), yangaphandle i-short-circuit, i-overcharging, nayo inokuphepha ngokupheleleyo ingozi yokutsha kunye nokudubula okubangelwa yintsimbi ye-lithium.
Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ze-lithium manganenate kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kobuchwephesha obukhoyo bolawulo lokhuseleko, kufuneka siqale siphucule ukusebenza kokhuseleko lwe-lithium ion ibhetri engundoqo, ebaluleke kakhulu kwiibhetri ezinkulu. Khetha i-diaphragm kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuvala i-thermal. Indima ye-diaphragm kukuhlukanisa izibonda ezilungileyo kunye nezibi zebhetri ngelixa uvumela ukuhamba kwee-ion ze-lithium. Xa ukushisa kuphakama, i-membrane ivaliwe ngaphambi kokuba inyibilike, iphakamisa ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwi-2,000 ohms kunye nokuvala ukuphendula kwangaphakathi. Xa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi okanye ubushushu bufikelela kumgangatho obekiweyo, ivalve-proof proof iya kuvula kwaye iqalise ukukhulula uxinzelelo lokuthintela ukuqokelelana okukhulu kwegesi yangaphakathi, ukuguqulwa, kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekuqhumeni kwegobolondo. Phucula uvakalelo lolawulo, khetha iiparamitha zolawulo olubuthathaka kwaye wamkele ulawulo oludityanisiweyo lweeparamitha ezininzi (olubaluleke kakhulu kwiibhetri zomthamo omkhulu). Kuba umthamo omkhulu lithium ion ibhetri pack luluhlu / parallel multiple cell ukubunjwa, ezifana ombane notebook computer ngaphezu 10V, umthamo omkhulu, ngokubanzi usebenzisa 3 ukuya 4 ibhetri single series unokuhlangabezana neemfuno ombane, kwaye ke 2 ukuya 3 series of ibhetri pack parallel, ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa umthamo omkhulu.
I-pack-capacity battery pack ngokwayo kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngomsebenzi wokukhusela ngokugqibeleleyo, kunye neentlobo ezimbini zeemodyuli zebhodi yesekethe nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe: Imodyuli yeProtecTIonBoardPCB kunye nemodyuli ye-SmartBatteryGaugeBoard. Uyilo lonke lokukhusela ibhetri lubandakanya: inqanaba le-1 lokukhusela i-IC (ukuthintela ukugqithisa kwebhetri, ukukhutshwa, isiphaluka esifutshane), inqanaba le-2 lokukhusela i-IC (ukuthintela ukugqithisa okwesibini), i-fuse, isalathisi se-LED, ukulawulwa kweqondo lokushisa kunye nezinye izinto. Ngaphantsi kwendlela yokukhusela amanqanaba amaninzi, nakwimeko yetshaja yamandla engaqhelekanga kunye nelaptop, ibhetri yelaptop inokutshintshelwa kuphela kwimeko yokhuseleko oluzenzekelayo. Ukuba imeko ayinzima, ihlala isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokuba ifakwe kwaye isuswe ngaphandle kokuqhuma.
Ubuchwephesha obungaphantsi obusetyenziswa kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisetyenziswa kwiilaptops kunye neefowuni eziphathwayo azikhuselekanga, kwaye izakhiwo ezikhuselekileyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
Ukuqukumbela, kunye nenkqubela phambili yeteknoloji yezinto kunye nokujula kokuqonda kwabantu iimfuno zoyilo, ukuveliswa, ukuvavanywa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium ion, ikusasa leebhetri ze-lithium ion liya kuba likhuselekile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-07-2022