Ukuphenjelelwa liqondo elishushu kwimarike yemoto yombane,iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, njengenye yezinto eziphambili zezithuthi zombane, ziye zagxininiswa kakhulu. Abantu bazibophelele ekuphuhliseni ubomi obude, amandla aphezulu, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yokhuseleko oluhle. Phakathi kwabo, ukuthotywa kweibhetri ye-lithium-ionumthamo ufanelwe ngqalelo yomntu wonke, kuphela ukuqonda okupheleleyo kwezizathu zokunciphisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion okanye umatshini, ukuze ukwazi ukumisela iyeza elichanekileyo lokusombulula ingxaki, ukuba ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ukuthomalalisa?
Izizathu zokunciphisa umthamo weebhetri ze-lithium-ion
1.Izinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode
I-LiCoO2 yenye yezinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ze-cathode (udidi lwe-3C lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kwaye iibhetri zamandla zithwala i-ternary kunye ne-lithium iron phosphate). Njengoko inani lemijikelezo landa, ukulahlekelwa kwee-ion ze-lithium ezisebenzayo kunegalelo ngakumbi ekuboleni kwamandla. Emva kwemijikelezo ye-200, i-LiCoO2 ayizange idlule kwinguqu yesigaba, kodwa kunoko utshintsho kwisakhiwo se-lamellar, ekhokelela kubunzima kwi-Li + de-embedding.
I-LiFePO4 inozinzo oluhle lwesakhiwo, kodwa i-Fe3 + kwi-anode iyanyibilika kwaye iyancipha kwi-Fe metal kwi-graphite anode, okubangelwa ukunyuka kwe-anode polarization. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuchithwa kwe-Fe3 + kuthintelwe ngokugquma kwee-particle LiFePO4 okanye ukhetho lwe-electrolyte.
Izixhobo ze-NCM ze-ternary ① Ii-ion zetsimbi ze-transition kwi-transition metal oxide cathode imathiriyeli kulula ukuyinyibilika kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ngaloo ndlela ikhulula i-electrolyte okanye idipozithi kwicala elibi ibangela ukuthotywa komthamo; ② Xa i-voltage iphezulu kune-4.4V vs. ③ Li-Ni imiqolo exutyiweyo, ekhokelela ekuvalelekeni kwemijelo yeLi+.
Izizathu eziphambili zokunciphisa umthamo kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisekelwe kwi-LiMnO4 zi-1. isigaba esingenakuguqulwa okanye utshintsho lwesakhiwo, njenge-Jahn-Teller aberration; kunye 2. ukuchithwa kwe-Mn kwi-electrolyte (ubukho be-HF kwi-electrolyte), ukuphendula ngokungafaniyo, okanye ukunciphisa kwi-anode.
2.Izinto ezingalunganga ze-electrode
Ukuveliswa kwemvula ye-lithium kwicala le-anode yegraphite (inxalenye ye-lithium iba "i-lithium efileyo" okanye ivelisa i-lithium dendrites), kumaqondo aphantsi obushushu, ukusasazwa kwe-lithium ion kuncipha ngokulula okukhokelela kwimvula ye-lithium, kwaye i-lithium precipitation iyakwazi ukwenzeka. xa umlinganiselo we-N/P uphantsi kakhulu.
Ukutshatyalaliswa okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokukhula kwefilimu ye-SEI kwicala le-anode kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwe-lithium kunye nokunyuka kwe-polarization.
Inkqubo ephindaphindiweyo ye-lithium embedding / de-lithium kwi-anode esekelwe kwi-silicon inokukhokelela ngokulula ekwandiseni umthamo kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuqhekeka kweengqungquthela ze-silicon. Ke ngoko, kwi-silicon anode, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana indlela yokuthintela ukwandiswa kwevolumu yayo.
3.Electrolyte
Izinto kwi-electrolyte ezinegalelo ekuthotyweni kwamandlaiibhetri ze-lithium-ionzibandakanya:
1. Ukuchithwa kwe-solvents kunye ne-electrolytes (ukungaphumeleli okunzulu okanye iingxaki zokhuseleko ezifana nokuveliswa kwegesi), kwi-solvents eziphilayo, xa amandla e-oxidation engaphezulu kwe-5V vs. ezahlukeneyo), kulula ukubola. Kwi-electrolyte (umz. i-LiPF6), kulula ukubola kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu (ngaphezu kwama-55℃) ngenxa yokungazinzi kakuhle;
2. Njengoko inani lemijikelezo landa, ukusabela phakathi kwe-electrolyte kunye ne-electrode e-positive kunye ne-negative iyanda, okwenza amandla okudlulisa ubuninzi abe buthathaka.
4.I-diaphragm
I-diaphragm inokuvala ii-electron kwaye izalisekise ukuhanjiswa kweeoni. Nangona kunjalo, ukukwazi kwe-diaphragm ukuthutha i-Li + kuncitshisiwe xa imingxuma ye-diaphragm ivaliwe yimveliso yokubola ye-electrolyte, njl., okanye xa i-diaphragm iyancipha kumaqondo aphezulu, okanye xa i-diaphragm idala. Ukongeza, ukubunjwa kwe-lithium dendrites ukubhoboza i-diaphragm ekhokelela kwisiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi sesona sizathu siphambili sokungaphumeleli kwayo.
5. Ukuqokelela ulwelo
Isizathu sokulahlekelwa kwamandla ngenxa yomqokeleli ngokuqhelekileyo ukubola komqokeleli. I-Copper isetyenziswe njengomqokeleli ongalunganga kuba kulula u-oxidize kumandla aphezulu, ngelixa i-aluminium isetyenziswe njengomqokeleli olungileyo kuba kulula ukwenza i-lithium-aluminium alloy kunye ne-lithium kwizinto eziphantsi. Ngaphantsi kwe-voltage ephantsi (ephantsi kwe-1.5V nangaphantsi, i-over-discharge), i-copper i-oxidizes kwi-Cu2 + kwi-electrolyte kunye ne-deposit ebusweni be-electrode engafanelekanga, ithintela ukuchithwa kwe-lithium, okubangela ukuthotywa kwamandla. Kwaye kwicala elihle, ukutshaja ngaphezulu kweibhetrikubangela i-pitting yomqokeleli we-aluminium, ekhokelela ekwandeni kokuchasana kwangaphakathi kunye nokunciphisa umthamo.
6. Imiba yokuhlawulisa kunye nokukhupha
Intlawulo egqithisileyo kunye nokukhupha iziphindaphindi-phinda-phinda kunokukhokelela ekuthotyweni komthamo okhawulezileyo weebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ukonyuka kwentlawulo / ukukhupha ukuphindaphinda kuthetha ukuba i-polarization impedance yebhetri inyuka ngokufanelekileyo, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni umthamo. Ukongeza, uxinzelelo olubangelwa kukusasazwa oluveliswa kukutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kumazinga aphezulu okuphindaphinda kukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwezinto ezisebenzayo ze-cathode kunye nokuguga okukhawulezileyo kwebhetri.
Kwimeko yokutshaja kakhulu kunye nokuchithwa kweebhetri, i-electrode engafanelekanga ixhomekeke kwi-lithium precipitation, i-electrode e-positive i-lithium yokususwa kwe-lithium iyawa, kunye nokubola kwe-oxidative ye-electrolyte (ukwenzeka kweemveliso kunye nokuveliswa kwegesi) kuyakhawuleza. Xa ibhetri ikhutshwe ngokugqithiseleyo, i-foil yobhedu ivame ukuchithwa (ukuthintela i-lithium de-embedding, okanye ukuvelisa ngokuthe ngqo i-dendrites yethusi), ekhokelela ekunciphiseni umthamo okanye ukungaphumeleli kwebhetri.
Uphononongo lweqhinga lokutshaja lubonise ukuba xa ukutshaja okunqunyiweyo kombane wokutshaja kuyi-4V, ukuthoba ngokufanelekileyo i-voltage enqunyiweyo yokutshaja (umzekelo, i-3.95V) inokuphucula ubomi bomjikelo webhetri. Kwakhona kuye kwaboniswa ukuba ukutshaja ibhetri ngokukhawuleza kwi-100% ye-SOC ibola ngokukhawuleza kunokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwi-80% ye-SOC. Ukongeza, uLi et al. ufumanise ukuba nangona i-pulsing inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kuya kunyuka kakhulu, kwaye ukulahleka kwezinto ezisebenzayo ze-electrode kubi kakhulu.
7.Ubushushu
Isiphumo sobushushu kumthamo weiibhetri ze-lithium-ionnayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Xa usebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ixesha elongeziweyo, kukho ukwanda kweentshukumo zecala ngaphakathi kwebhetri (umzekelo, ukubola kwe-electrolyte), okukhokelela ekulahlekeni okungenakubuyiseka kwamandla. Xa usebenza kumaqondo okushisa aphantsi ixesha elide, ukunyanzeliswa okupheleleyo kwebhetri kuyanda (i-electrolyte conductivity iyancipha, i-impedance ye-SEI iyanda, kwaye izinga lokuphendula kwe-electrochemical liyancipha), kwaye i-lithium precipitation esuka kwibhetri ijwayele ukuba yenzeke.
Oku ngasentla sesona sizathu siphambili sokuthotywa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion, ngokusebenzisa isingeniso esingentla ndikholelwa ukuba unokuqonda izizathu zokuthotywa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-24-2023