Imfuno yebhetri ye-lithium yabathengi ibangele ugqabhuko-dubulo

Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21, ngokunyuka kwezinto zombane zabathengi ezinje ngee-smartphones, iitafile, izixhobo ezinxitywayo kunye needrones, imfunoiibhetri ze-lithiumubone ugqabhuko-dubulo olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili. Imfuno yehlabathi yeebhetri ze-lithium ikhula ngesantya se-40% ukuya kwi-50% minyaka yonke, kwaye ihlabathi livelise malunga ne-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zeetshaja zezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye neebhetri zamandla ezingaphezulu kwe-1 yezigidi zezithuthi zombane, i-80% yazo ivela kwi-1. Imarike yaseTshayina. Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-Gartner: Ngo-2025, umthamo webhetri ye-lithium yehlabathi uya kufikelela kwi-5.7 yeebhiliyoni ze-Ah, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo le-21.5%. Ngokuqhubela phambili kwethekhnoloji kunye nolawulo lweendleko, ibhetri ye-Li-ion iye yaba yenye yexabiso elikhuphisanayo kwibhetri ye-lead-asidi yendabuko kwibhetri yamandla emoto entsha.

1.IiNdlela zeTekhnoloji

Itekhnoloji yebhetri yeLithium iyaqhubeka nokuphuhliswa, ukusuka kwizinto ezidlulileyo ze-ternary ukuya kwi-energy ephezulu ye-lithium iron phosphate materials, ngoku inguqu kwi-lithium iron phosphate kunye ne-ternary materials, kwaye inkqubo ye-cylindrical ilawula. Kwintsimi ye-electronics yabathengi, iibhetri ze-cylindrical lithium iron phosphate ngokuthe ngcembe zithatha indawo ye-cylindrical yendabuko kunye neebhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate; ukusuka kwizicelo zebhetri zamandla, ukusuka ekuqaleni kokusetyenziswa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ubungakanani bezicelo zebhetri zamandla ziyanda unyaka nonyaka. Umlinganiselo wangoku wesicelo sebhetri yamazwe ngamazwe malunga ne-63%, kulindeleke ukuba ufikelele malunga ne-72% ngo-2025. Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kunye nolawulo lweendleko, i-lithium ibhetri yesakhiwo ilindeleke ukuba izinzile kwaye ibonise imarike ebanzi. indawo.

2.Imbonakalo-mhlaba yeMarike

Ibhetri ye-Li-ion yolona hlobo olusetyenziswa rhoqo lwebhetri yamandla kwaye lunoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwintsimi yezithuthi zamandla amatsha, kwaye imfuno yemarike yebhethri ye-Li-ion inkulu. Ah, ukunyuka kwama-44.2% unyaka nonyaka. Phakathi kwabo, imveliso ye-Ningde Times yenza i-41.7%; I-BYD ibekwe kwindawo yesibini, nge-18.9% yemveliso. Ngokwanda okuqhubekayo komthamo wemveliso yeshishini, ipateni yokhuphiswano loshishino lwebhetri ye-lithium luya lusiba lubi kakhulu, iNingde Times, iBYD kunye namanye amashishini ayaqhubeka nokwandisa isabelo sawo semarike ngenxa yeenzuzo zawo, ngelixa iNingde Times ifikelele kwintsebenziswano yeqhinga kunye I-Samsung SDI kwaye ibe ngomnye wababoneleli bebhetri bamandla abaqhelekileyo be-Samsung SDI; I-BYD iyaqhubeka nokwandisa utyalo-mali lwayo kwintsimi yeebhetri zamandla ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo zobugcisa, kwaye ngoku ikwi-BYD yokuvelisa umthamo wemveliso kwintsimi yeebhetri zamandla ziye zaphucula ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye zangena kwinqanaba lemveliso enkulu; I-BYD inobunzulu kunye nobunzulu obubanzi bezinto eziphakamileyo ze-lithium, i-nickel ternary lithium ephezulu, iimveliso zenkqubo yegraphite ziye zakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeenkampani ezininzi zebhetri ze-lithium.

3.Uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo sebhetri yeLithium

Ukusuka kukwakheka kweekhemikhali, kukho izinto eziphambili ze-cathode (kubandakanya izinto ze-lithium cobaltate kunye ne-lithium manganate), izixhobo ze-electrode ezimbi (kubandakanya i-lithium manganate kunye ne-lithium iron phosphate), i-electrolyte (kubandakanywa isisombululo se-sulfate kunye nesisombululo se-nitrate), kunye ne-diaphragm (kubandakanywa ne-LiFeSO4 kunye LiFeNiO2). Ukusuka kwintsebenzo yezinto eziphathekayo, inokwahlulwa ibe yimpahla ye-electrode efanelekileyo kunye nembi. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ngokubanzi zisebenzisa i-cathode ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja, ngelixa usebenzisa i-lithium njengento ye-cathode; i-electrode engafanelekanga usebenzisa i-nickel-cobalt-manganese alloy; izinto cathode ikakhulu ziquka NCA, NCA + Li2CO3 kunye Ni4PO4, njl.; i-electrode engafanelekanga njengebhetri ye-ion kwizinto ze-cathode kunye ne-diaphragm iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, umgangatho wayo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ukuze ufumane intlawulo ephezulu kunye nokukhupha amandla athile kunye nobomi obude, i-lithium kufuneka ibe nokusebenza okuphezulu kunye neempawu zobomi obude. Ii-electrode ze-lithium zahlulwe zaba ziibhetri zelizwe eliqinileyo, iibhetri zolwelo kunye neebhetri zepolymer ngokwemathiriyeli, apho iiseli zepetroli zepolymer zinobuchwephesha obuqolileyo obunoncedo lweendleko kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kwiiselfowuni kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane zabathengi; amandla ombuso oqinileyo ngenxa yobuninzi bamandla kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusetyenziswa, ezifanelekileyo ukugcina amandla kunye nezinye iindawo; kunye namandla epolymer ngenxa yoxinano lwamandla asezantsi kunye neendleko eziphantsi kodwa ukusetyenziswa rhoqo okulinganiselweyo, kufanelekile kwipakethi yebhetri ye-lithium. Iiseli zamafutha epolymer zingasetyenziswa kwiiselfowuni, iilaptops kunye neekhamera zedijithali; iteknoloji yebhetri yesimo esiqinileyo okwangoku ikwinqanaba lovavanyo.

4.Inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nohlalutyo lweendleko

Iibhetri ze-electronics ze-lithium zenziwa kusetyenziswa iiseli zamandla ombane aphezulu, ezidityaniswe ikakhulu zizinto ezifanelekileyo nezingalunganga ze-electrode kunye nezixhobo ze-diaphragm. Ukusebenza kunye neendleko zezinto ezahlukeneyo ze-cathode ziyahluka kakhulu, apho ngcono ukusebenza kwezinto ze-cathode, ixabiso eliphantsi, ngelixa i-diaphragm iphantsi kakhulu, ixabiso eliphezulu. Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-China Industry Information Network ibonisa ukuba i-electronics lithium ibhetri ye-lithium efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative electrode i-akhawunti ye-50% ukuya kwi-60% yeendleko zizonke. Izinto ezilungileyo zenziwe ikakhulu ngezinto ezingalunganga kodwa iindleko zayo zibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-90%, kwaye ngokunyuka kwexabiso lemakethi yempahla engalunganga, ixabiso lemveliso liyenyuka kancinci kancinci.

5.Izixhobo ezixhasa iimfuno zesixhobo

Ngokubanzi, izixhobo zokuhlanganisa ibhetri ye-lithium ziquka umatshini wokubumba umtshini, umatshini wokulambisa, kunye nomgca wokugqiba oshushu, njl njl. ngelixa utywinwa kakuhle. Ngokwemfuno yemveliso, inokuxhotyiswa ngokubumba okuhambelanayo, ukwenzela ukuba uqaphele ukusika okuchanekileyo kwezinto zokupakisha (ingundoqo, izinto ezimbi, i-diaphragm, njl.) kunye nemvulophu. Umatshini wokupakisha: Esi sixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngenkqubo yokupakisha ibhetri ye-lithium yamandla, eyona nto iqulethwe ngamacandelo amabini amakhulu: ukupakishwa kwesantya esiphezulu kunye nesikhokelo sesantya esiphezulu.

Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-11-2022