Imfuno yebhetri ye-lithium yabathengi ibangele ugqabhuko-dubulo

Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21, ngokunyuka kwezinto zombane zabathengi ezinjengee-smartphones, iitafile, izixhobo ezinxitywayo kunye needrones, imfunoiibhetri ze-lithiumubone ugqabhuko-dubulo olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili.Imfuno yehlabathi yeebhetri ze-lithium ikhula ngesantya se-40% ukuya kwi-50% minyaka yonke, kwaye ihlabathi livelise malunga ne-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zeetshaja zezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye neebhetri zamandla ezingaphezulu kwe-1 yezigidi zezithuthi zombane, i-80% yazo ivela kwi-1. Imarike yaseTshayina.Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-Gartner: Ngo-2025, umthamo webhetri ye-lithium yehlabathi uya kufikelela kwi-5.7 yeebhiliyoni ze-Ah, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo le-21.5%.Ngokuqhubela phambili kwethekhnoloji kunye nolawulo lweendleko, ibhetri ye-Li-ion iye yaba yenye yexabiso elikhuphisanayo kwibhetri ye-lead-asidi yendabuko kwibhetri yamandla emoto entsha.

1.IiNdlela zeTekhnoloji

Itekhnoloji yebhetri yeLithium iyaqhubeka nokuphuhliswa, ukusuka kwizinto ezidlulileyo ze-ternary ukuya kwi-energy ephezulu ye-lithium iron phosphate materials, ngoku inguqu kwi-lithium iron phosphate kunye ne-ternary materials, kwaye inkqubo ye-cylindrical ilawula.Kwintsimi ye-electronics yabathengi, iibhetri ze-cylindrical lithium iron phosphate ngokuthe ngcembe zithatha indawo ye-cylindrical yendabuko kunye neebhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate;ukusuka kwizicelo zebhetri zamandla, ukusuka ekuqaleni kokusetyenziswa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ubungakanani bezicelo zebhetri zamandla ziyanda unyaka nonyaka.Umlinganiselo wangoku wesicelo sebhetri yamazwe ngamazwe malunga ne-63%, kulindeleke ukuba ufikelele malunga ne-72% ngo-2025. Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kunye nolawulo lweendleko, i-lithium ibhetri yesakhiwo ilindeleke ukuba izinzile kwaye ibonise imarike ebanzi. indawo.

2.Imbonakalo-mhlaba yeMarike

Ibhetri ye-Li-ion yolona hlobo olusetyenziswa rhoqo lwebhetri yamandla kwaye lunoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwintsimi yezithuthi zamandla amatsha, kwaye imfuno yemarike yebhethri ye-Li-ion inkulu.Ah, ukunyuka kwama-44.2% unyaka nonyaka.Phakathi kwabo, imveliso ye-Ningde Times yenza i-41.7%;I-BYD ibekwe kwindawo yesibini, nge-18.9% yemveliso.Ngokwanda okuqhubekayo komthamo wemveliso yeshishini, ipateni yokhuphiswano loshishino lwebhetri ye-lithium luya lusiba lubi kakhulu, iNingde Times, iBYD kunye namanye amashishini ayaqhubeka nokwandisa isabelo sawo semarike ngenxa yeenzuzo zawo, ngelixa iNingde Times ifikelele kwintsebenziswano yeqhinga kunye I-Samsung SDI kwaye ibe ngomnye wababoneleli bebhetri bamandla abaqhelekileyo be-Samsung SDI;I-BYD iyaqhubeka nokwandisa utyalo-mali lwayo kwintsimi yeebhetri zamandla ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo zobugcisa, kwaye ngoku ikwi-BYD yokuvelisa umthamo wemveliso kwintsimi yeebhetri zamandla ziye zaphucula ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye zangena kwinqanaba lemveliso enkulu;I-BYD inobunzulu kunye nobunzulu obubanzi bezinto eziphakamileyo ze-lithium, i-nickel ternary lithium ephezulu, iimveliso zenkqubo yegraphite ziye zakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeenkampani ezininzi zebhetri ze-lithium.

3.Uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo sebhetri yeLithium

Ukusuka kukwakheka kweekhemikhali, kukho izinto eziphambili ze-cathode (kubandakanya izinto ze-lithium cobaltate kunye ne-lithium manganate), izixhobo ze-electrode ezimbi (kubandakanya i-lithium manganate kunye ne-lithium iron phosphate), i-electrolyte (kubandakanywa isisombululo se-sulfate kunye nesisombululo se-nitrate), kunye ne-diaphragm (kubandakanywa ne-LiFeSO4 kunye LiFeNiO2).Ukusuka kwintsebenzo yezinto eziphathekayo, inokwahlulwa ibe yimpahla ye-electrode efanelekileyo kunye nembi.Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ngokubanzi zisebenzisa i-cathode ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja, ngelixa usebenzisa i-lithium njengento ye-cathode;i-electrode engafanelekanga usebenzisa i-nickel-cobalt-manganese alloy;izinto cathode ikakhulu ziquka NCA, NCA + Li2CO3 kunye Ni4PO4, njl.;i-electrode engafanelekanga njengebhetri ye-ion kwizinto ze-cathode kunye ne-diaphragm iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, umgangatho wayo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.Ukuze ufumane intlawulo ephezulu kunye nokukhupha amandla athile kunye nobomi obude, i-lithium kufuneka ibe nokusebenza okuphezulu kunye neempawu zobomi obude.Ii-electrode ze-lithium zahlulwe zaba ziibhetri zelizwe eliqinileyo, iibhetri zolwelo kunye neebhetri zepolymer ngokwemathiriyeli, apho iiseli zepetroli zepolymer zinobuchwephesha obuqolileyo obunoncedo lweendleko kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kwiiselfowuni kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane zabathengi;amandla ombuso oqinileyo ngenxa yobuninzi bamandla kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusetyenziswa, ezifanelekileyo ukugcina amandla kunye nezinye iindawo;kunye namandla epolymer ngenxa yoxinano lwamandla asezantsi kunye neendleko eziphantsi kodwa ukusetyenziswa rhoqo okulinganiselweyo, kufanelekile kwipakethi yebhetri ye-lithium.Iiseli zamafutha epolymer zingasetyenziswa kwiiselfowuni, iilaptops kunye neekhamera zedijithali;iteknoloji yebhetri yesimo esiqinileyo okwangoku ikwinqanaba lovavanyo.

4.Inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nohlalutyo lweendleko

Iibhetri ze-electronics ze-lithium zenziwa kusetyenziswa iiseli zamandla ombane aphezulu, ezidityaniswe ikakhulu zizinto ezifanelekileyo nezingalunganga ze-electrode kunye nezixhobo ze-diaphragm.Ukusebenza kunye neendleko zezinto ezahlukeneyo ze-cathode ziyahluka kakhulu, apho ngcono ukusebenza kwezinto ze-cathode, ixabiso eliphantsi, ngelixa i-diaphragm iphantsi kakhulu, ixabiso eliphezulu.Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-China Industry Information Network ibonisa ukuba i-electronics lithium ibhetri ye-lithium efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative electrode i-akhawunti ye-50% ukuya kwi-60% yeendleko zizonke.Izinto ezilungileyo zenziwe ikakhulu ngezinto ezingalunganga kodwa iindleko zayo zibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-90%, kwaye ngokunyuka kwexabiso lemakethi yempahla engalunganga, ixabiso lemveliso liyenyuka kancinci kancinci.

5.Izixhobo ezixhasa iimfuno zesixhobo

Ngokubanzi, izixhobo zokuhlanganisa ibhetri ye-lithium ziquka umatshini wokubumba umtshini, umatshini wokulambisa, kunye nomgca wokugqiba oshushu, njl njl. ngelixa utywinwa kakuhle.Ngokwemfuno yemveliso, inokuxhotyiswa ngokubumba okuhambelanayo, ukwenzela ukuba uqaphele ukusika okuchanekileyo kwezinto zokupakisha (ingundoqo, izinto ezimbi, i-diaphragm, njl.) kunye nemvulophu.Umatshini wokupakisha: Esi sixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngenkqubo yokupakisha ibhetri ye-lithium yamandla, eyona nto iqulethwe ngamacandelo amabini amakhulu: ukupakishwa kwesantya esiphezulu kunye nesikhokelo sesantya esiphezulu.

Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-11-2022