Iqhutywa ngumgaqo-nkqubo "wekhabhoni ephindwe kabini" yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, isakhiwo sokuvelisa amandla kazwelonke siya kubona utshintsho oluphawulekayo.Emva kowama-2030, ngokuphuculwa kweziseko ezingundoqo zokugcina amandla kunye nezinye izixhobo ezixhasayo, i-China kulindeleke ukuba igqibezele utshintsho ukusuka kumbane osekelwe kwifosili ukuya kumbane omtsha osekelwe kumandla ngowama-2060, kunye nomlinganiselo wokuvelisa amandla amatsha afikelele ngaphezu kwama-80%.
Umgaqo-nkqubo "wekhabhoni ephindwe kabini" uya kuqhuba ipateni yemathiriyeli yokuvelisa amandla eTshayina ukusuka kumandla efosili ukuya kumandla amatsha ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2060, ukuveliswa kwamandla eTshayina kuya kubalelwa ngaphezulu kwama-80%.
Kwangaxeshanye, ukusombulula ingxaki yoxinzelelo "olungazinzanga" oluziswe ludibaniso olukhulu lwegridi kwicala lokuvelisa amandla amatsha, "umgaqo-nkqubo wokusasazwa kunye nokugcinwa" kwicala lokuvelisa amandla uya kuzisa impumelelo entsha kumandla. icala lokugcina.
"Uphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo wekhabhoni kabini
NgoSeptemba ka-2020, kwiseshoni yama-57 yeNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, i-China yacetyisa ngokusesikweni injongo “yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini” yokufezekisa “incopho yekhabhoni” ngo-2030 kunye “nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni” ngo-2060.
Ngo-2060, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yaseChina kuya kungena kwisigaba "sokungathathi hlangothi", kunye neetoni eziqikelelwa kwi-2.6 yeebhiliyoni zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, emele ukuncipha kwe-74.8% kwi-carbon emissions xa kuthelekiswa no-2020.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela apha ukuba "i-carbon neutral" ayithethi ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide, kodwa kunokuba isixa esipheleleyo se-carbon dioxide okanye i-greenhouse gas ekhutshwayo eyenziwa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo yimveliso yamashishini kunye nemisebenzi yobuqu ihlaziywa yi-carbon dioxide yabo. okanye ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ngendlela yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi, ukuze kuphunyezwe ukuthomalalisa okulungileyo nokubi kwaye kufezekiswe "zero emissions".
"Ikhabhoni ephindwe kabini" isicwangciso sikhokelela ekutshintsheni kwipatheni yecala lesizukulwana
Amacandelo ethu amathathu aphezulu anokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephezulu ngoku: umbane kunye nokufudumeza (51%), ukuvelisa kunye nokwakha (28%), kunye nezothutho (10%).
Kwicandelo lobonelelo ngombane, elithatha esona sabelo siphezulu somthamo wokuvelisa umbane welizwe ozizigidi ezingama-800 kWh ngo-2020, ukuveliswa kwamandla efosili phantse kuqikelelwa kwizigidi ezingama-500 kWh, okanye ama-63%, ngelixa ukuveliswa kwamandla okutsha kuzizigidi ezingama-300 kWh, okanye ama-37%. .
Iqhutywa ngumgaqo-nkqubo "wekhabhoni ephindwe kabini" yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, umxube welizwe lokuvelisa amandla uya kubona utshintsho olubalulekileyo.
Ngenqanaba le-carbon peak kwi-2030, umlinganiselo wokuvelisa amandla amatsha uya kuqhubeka nokunyuka ukuya kwi-42%.Emva kowama-2030, ngokuphuculwa kweziseko zogcino lwamandla kunye nezinye izixhobo ezixhasayo, kulindeleke ukuba ngowama-2060 iChina ibe sele ilugqibile utshintsho olusuka kumbane osekelwe kwifosili ukuya ekuveliseni umbane osekelwe kumandla amatsha, kunye nomlinganiselo wokuvelisa amandla amatsha afikelelayo. ngaphezulu kwama-80%.
Imarike yokugcina amandla ibona impumelelo entsha
Ngokuqhambuka kwecala elitsha lokuvelisa amandla kwimarike, imboni yokugcina amandla nayo ibone impumelelo entsha.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla okuvelisa amandla amatsha (i-photovoltaic, amandla omoya) idibaniswe ngokungenakuqhathaniswa.
Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-Photovoltaic kunye namandla omoya anemiqobo eyomeleleyo kunye nezithintelo zejografi, okubangela ukungaqiniseki okuqinileyo ekuveliseni amandla kunye nokuphindaphinda kwicala lokuvelisa amandla, okuya kuzisa uxinzelelo olukhulu lwempembelelo kwicala legridi kwinkqubo yoqhagamshelwano lwegridi, ngoko ke ukwakhiwa kwamandla. iindawo zokugcina azinakulityaziswa.
Izikhululo zokugcina amandla azikwazi kuphela ukusombulula ingxaki "yokukhanya okushiyiweyo nomoya", kodwa "nolawulo oluphezulu kunye nolawulo lwamaza" ukwenzela ukuba ukuveliswa kwamandla kunye nokuphindaphinda kwicala lokuvelisa amandla kunokuhambelana negophe elicwangcisiweyo kwicala legridi, ngaloo ndlela ukuphumeza ngokugudileyo. ukufikelela kwigridi yokuvelisa amandla amatsha.
Okwangoku, imarike yogcino lwamandla yaseTshayina isekwisiqalo sayo xa kuthelekiswa neemarike zangaphandle, kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwamanzi aseTshayina kunye nezinye iziseko zophuhliso.
Ukugcinwa kwe-pumped kusekho kwimarike, kunye ne-36GW yokugcina ipompo efakwe kwimarike yaseTshayina kwi-2020, iphezulu kakhulu kune-5GW yokugcina i-electrochemical storage;nangona kunjalo, ukugcinwa kweekhemikhali kuneenzuzo zokungathintelwa yijografi kunye nokulungelelaniswa okuguquguqukayo, kwaye kuya kukhula ngokukhawuleza kwixesha elizayo;kulindeleke ukuba ukugcinwa kwe-electrochemical e-China kuya kudlula ngokuthe ngcembe ukugcinwa kwepompo kwi-2060, ukufikelela kwi-160GW yomthamo ofakiweyo.
Kweli nqanaba kwicala elitsha lokuvelisa amandla kwiprojekthi yokubhida, oorhulumente basekhaya abaninzi baya kuchaza ukuba isikhululo esitsha sokuvelisa amandla kunye nokugcinwa okungekho ngaphantsi kwe-10% -20%, kwaye ixesha lokutshaja alikho ngaphantsi kweeyure ze-1-2, kunokubonwa ukuba "umgaqo-nkqubo wokusasazwa kunye nokugcinwa" uya kuzisa ukukhula okubonakalayo kwicala lesizukulwana semarike yokugcina amandla e-electrochemical.
Nangona kunjalo, ngeli nqanaba, njengoko imodeli yenzuzo kunye nokudluliselwa kweendleko zecala lokuvelisa amandla e-electrochemical energy yokugcina akukacaci kakuhle, okukhokelela kwizinga eliphantsi lembuyekezo yangaphakathi, uninzi lwezikhululo zokugcina amandla ubukhulu becala lulwakhiwo olukhokelwa ngumgaqo-nkqubo, kwaye umba womfuziselo woshishino usafuna ukusonjululwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-05-2022