Ukususela ekubeni ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yangena kwiimarike, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezifana nobomi obude, umthamo omkhulu kunye nokungabikho kwememori.Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphantsi beebhetri ze-lithium-ion kuneengxaki ezifana nomthamo ophantsi, ukunyanzeliswa okunzulu, ukusebenza kakubi komjikelo wokujikeleza, ukuguquka kwe-lithium okucacileyo, kunye ne-lithium deintercalation engalinganiyo.Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokwandiswa okuqhubekayo kweendawo zesicelo, izithintelo ezilethwe ngumgangatho ophantsi wokushisa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ziye zacaca ngakumbi.
Ngokweengxelo, amandla okukhutshwa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kwi--20 ° C kuphela malunga ne-31.5% yaloo ndawo kwiqondo lokushisa.Ubushushu bokusebenza kweebhetri zelithium-ion zemveli buphakathi kwe -20 kunye +60°C.Nangona kunjalo, kwimimandla ye-aerospace, ishishini lomkhosi, kunye neenqwelo zombane, iibhetri zifuneka ukuba zisebenze ngokuqhelekileyo kwi -40 ° C.Ngoko ke, ukuphucula iimpawu ezisezantsi zokushisa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion zibaluleke kakhulu.
Izinto ezithintela ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi beebhetri ze-lithium-ion:
1. Kwindawo yokushisa ephantsi, i-viscosity ye-electrolyte iyanda, okanye iphinde iqiniswe ngokuyinxenye, okubangelwa ukuhla kwe-conductivity yebhetri ye-lithium-ion.
2. Ukuhambelana phakathi kwe-electrolyte, i-electrode engalunganga kunye ne-diaphragm iba yimbi kwindawo yokushisa ephantsi.
3. Kwiindawo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa, i-lithium-ion ibhetri ye-electrode engalunganga iyancipha kakhulu, kwaye i-lithium yensimbi ene-precipitated isabela nge-electrolyte, kunye nokubekwa kwemveliso kubangela ukuba ubuninzi be-solid electrolyte interface (SEI) kwande.
4. Kwindawo yokushisa ephantsi, inkqubo yokusabalalisa ibhetri ye-lithium ion kwizinto ezisebenzayo ziyancipha, kwaye ukuchasana kokudluliselwa kwentlawulo (Rct) kwanda kakhulu.
Ingxoxo ngezinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi beebhetri ze-lithium-ion:
Uluvo lweengcali 1: I-electrolyte inempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni okuphantsi kweqondo lokushisa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, kwaye ukubunjwa kunye neempawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ze-electrolyte zinempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni okuphantsi kwebhetri.Iingxaki ezijongene nomjikelezo webhetri kumaqondo aphantsi: i-viscosity ye-electrolyte iya kwanda, kwaye isantya sokuqhuba i-ion siya kuncipha, okubangelwa ukungahambi kakuhle kwesantya sokufuduka kwe-electron yesiphaluka sangaphandle.Ngoko ke, ibhetri iya kuba yi-polarized kakhulu kwaye intlawulo kunye nomthamo wokukhupha uya kuhla ngokukhawuleza.Ngokukodwa xa utshaja kubushushu obuphantsi, i-lithium ion inokwenza ngokulula i-lithium dendrites kumphezulu we-electrode engalunganga, ebangela ukuba ibhetri ingaphumeleli.
Ukusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwe-electrolyte kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokuhanjiswa kwe-electrolyte ngokwayo.I-conductivity ephezulu ye-electrolyte ihambisa i-ion ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inokusebenzisa amandla amaninzi kumaqondo aphantsi.Okukhona ityuwa ye-lithium kwi-electrolyte idityanisiwe, inani elikhulu lokufuduka kunye nokuphakama kwe-conductivity.Ukuphakama kwe-conductivity yombane, ngokukhawuleza i-ion conductivity, i-polarization encinci, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwebhetri kumaqondo aphantsi.Ke ngoko, ukuhanjiswa kombane okuphezulu kuyimeko eyimfuneko yokufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu obuphantsi beebhetri ze-lithium-ion.
I-conductivity ye-electrolyte ihambelana nokubunjwa kwe-electrolyte, kwaye ukunciphisa i-viscosity ye-solvent yenye yeendlela zokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwe-electrolyte.I-fluidity enhle ye-solvent kwiqondo eliphantsi lobushushu sisiqinisekiso sothutho lwe-ion, kunye ne-membrane ye-electrolyte eqinileyo eyenziwe yi-electrolyte kwi-electrode engafanelekanga kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwakhona isitshixo sokuchaphazela i-lithium ion conduction, kwaye i-RSEI yeyona nto i-impedance ye-lithium. iibhetri ze-ion kwiindawo zobushushu obuphantsi.
Uluvo lwengcaphephe ye-2: Eyona nto iphambili ethintela ubushushu obuphantsi beebhetri ze-lithium-ion kukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwe-Li + ukuxhatshazwa kwe-diffusion kumaqondo aphantsi, kungekhona ifilimu ye-SEI.
Ngoko, indlela yokuphatha iibhetri ze-lithium ngokuchanekileyo ebusika?
1. Musa ukusebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium kwiindawo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa
Ubushushu bunempembelelo enkulu kwiibhetri ze-lithium.Iqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, liphantsi komsebenzi weebhetri ze-lithium, ezikhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwentlawulo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubushushu bokusebenza kweebhetri ze-lithium buphakathi kwe-20 degrees kunye ne-60 degrees.
Xa iqondo lokushisa lingaphantsi kwe-0 ℃, qaphela ukuba ungahlawulisi ngaphandle, awukwazi ukuhlawulisa nangona uhlawula, sinokuthatha ibhetri ukuhlawula ngaphakathi (qaphela, qiniseka ukuba uhlale kude nezinto ezinokutsha !!! ), xa ubushushu bungaphantsi kwe-20 ℃, ibhetri iya kungena ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo yokulala kwaye ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.Ngoko ke, umntla ngokukodwa umsebenzisi kwiindawo ezibandayo.
Ukuba ngenene akukho meko yokutshaja yangaphakathi, kufuneka usebenzise ngokupheleleyo ubushushu obushiyekileyo xa ibhetri ikhutshwa, kwaye uyitshaje elangeni ngoko nangoko emva kokupaka ukunyusa umthamo wokutshaja kwaye unqande ukuvela kwe-lithium.
2. Khulisa umkhwa wokusebenzisa kunye nokutshaja
Ebusika, xa amandla ebhetri ephantsi kakhulu, kufuneka siyihlawulise kwangethuba kwaye siphuhlise umkhwa olungileyo wokutshaja nje ukuba isetyenziswe.Khumbula, ungaze uqikelele amandla ebhetri ebusika ngokusekelwe kubomi bebhetri obuqhelekileyo.
Umsebenzi webhetri ye-lithium uyancipha ebusika, okulula kakhulu ukubangela ukugqithisa kunye nokugqithisa, okuya kuchaphazela ubomi benkonzo yebhetri kwaye kubangele ingozi evuthayo kwimeko embi kakhulu.Ngoko ke, ebusika, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ngakumbi ekutshajisweni ngokukhutshwa okunzulu kunye nokutshaja okunzulu.Ngokukodwa, kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba musa ukupaka isithuthi ixesha elide ngendlela yokuhlawula lonke ixesha ukuze ugweme ukugqithisa.
3. Musa ukuhlala ungekho xa utshaja, khumbula ukungahlawulisi ixesha elide
Musa ukushiya isithuthi sikwimeko yokutshaja ixesha elide ukwenzela ukuba kube lula, vele usikhuphe xa sigcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo.Ebusika, indawo yokutshaja akufunekanga ibe ngaphantsi kwe-0℃, kwaye xa utshaja, musa ukushiya kude kakhulu ukunqanda iimeko zikaxakeka kwaye ujongane nayo ngexesha.
4. Sebenzisa itshaja ekhethekileyo kwiibhetri ze-lithium xa utshaja
Imarike igcwele inani elikhulu leetshaja ezingaphantsi.Ukusebenzisa iitshaja ezikumgangatho ophantsi kungonakalisa ibhetri kwaye kubangele nomlilo.Musa ukunyoluka ukuthenga iimveliso ezinexabiso eliphantsi ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso, kwaye ungasebenzisi iitshaja zebhetri ezineasidi;ukuba itshaja yakho ayinakusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, yeka ukuyisebenzisa ngoko nangoko, kwaye ungayilahleki.
5. Nika ingqalelo kubomi bebhetri kwaye uyibuyisele entsha ngexesha
Iibhetri zeLithium zinexesha lokuphila.Iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli zinobomi bebhetri obahlukeneyo.Ukongeza kusetyenziso olungafanelekanga lwemihla ngemihla, ubomi bebhetri buyohluka ukusuka kwiinyanga ezininzi ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu.Ukuba imoto icinyiwe okanye inobomi bebhetri obufutshane ngokungaqhelekanga, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ngexesha abasebenzi bolondolozo lwebhetri yeLithium bayiphathe.
6. Shiya umbane othe chatha ukuze uphile ebusika
Ukuze usebenzise isithuthi ngokuqhelekileyo entwasahlobo kunyaka ozayo, ukuba ibhetri ayisetyenziswanga ixesha elide, khumbula ukuhlawula i-50% -80% yebhetri, kwaye uyisuse kwisithuthi sokugcina, kwaye uyihlawule rhoqo, malunga kanye ngenyanga.Qaphela: Ibhetri kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo eyomileyo.
7. Beka ibhetri ngokuchanekileyo
Musa ukuntywilisela ibhetri emanzini okanye wenze ibhetri ibemanzi;musa ukupakisha ibhetri ngaphezulu kweeleya ezisi-7, okanye ujike ibhetri ijongise ezantsi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-24-2021