Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi liphela, ubungakanani bentengiso yezithuthi zombane bufikelele kwi-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwi-2020 kwaye iya kuqhubeka ikhula ngesantya esingaphezulu kwe-20% ngonyaka kwixesha elizayo.Ngoko ke, izithuthi zombane njengendlela enkulu yokuthutha, iimfuno zokusebenza kweebhetri zamandla ziya kuba ziphezulu kakhulu, kwaye impembelelo yokubola kwebhetri ekusebenzeni kwebhetri yamandla kwiindawo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa akufanele ihoywe.Izizathu eziphambili zokubola kwebhetri kwiindawo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa: Okokuqala, ukushisa okuphantsi kuchaphazela ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri, indawo yokusabalalisa i-thermal inkulu, kwaye ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kwanda.Okwesibini, ibhetri ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamandla okudlulisa intlawulo ayilunganga, ukuguqulwa kwebhetri kuya kwenzeka xa i-polarization engenakuguquleka yendawo.Okwesithathu, ubushushu obuphantsi bentshukumo yemolekyuli ye-electrolyte bucotha kwaye kunzima ukusasazeka ngexesha xa ubushushu buphakama.Ke ngoko, ukubola kwebhetri kubushushu obuphantsi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuthotyweni kwebhetri.
1. Ubume betekhnoloji yebhetri yobushushu obuphantsi
Iimfuno zobugcisa kunye nezinto eziphathekayo zeebhetri zamandla e-lithium-ion ezilungiselelwe kumaqondo aphantsi aphezulu.Ukuthotywa okunzulu kokusebenza kwebhetri yamandla e-lithium-ion kwindawo yobushushu obuphantsi kungenxa yokwanda kokuchasana kwangaphakathi, okukhokelela kubunzima bokusasazwa kwe-electrolyte kunye nobomi obufutshane bomjikelezo weseli.Ke ngoko, uphando kwitekhnoloji yebhetri yobushushu obuphantsi yenze inkqubela ethile kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zemveli ezinobushushu obuphezulu zinomgangatho ophantsi wokushisa, kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kusengazinzile phantsi kweemeko eziphantsi kobushushu;umthamo omkhulu weeseli zobushushu obuphantsi, umthamo ophantsi, kunye nokusebenza komjikelo ophantsi wobushushu obuphantsi;i-polarization yomelele kakhulu kubushushu obuphantsi kunobushushu obuphezulu;ukwanda kwe-viscosity ye-electrolyte kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi likhokelela ekunciphiseni inani lemijikelezo yentlawulo / yokukhupha;ukunciphisa ukhuseleko lweeseli kunye nokunciphisa ubomi bebhetri kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi;kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kokusetyenziswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi.Ukongeza, ubomi bomjikelo omfutshane webhetri kwiqondo eliphantsi lobushushu kunye nemingcipheko yokhuseleko lweeseli ezinobushushu obuphantsi bubeke iimfuno ezintsha zokhuseleko lweebhetri zamandla.Ngoko ke, ukuphuhliswa kwezinto ezizinzileyo, ezikhuselekileyo, ezinokwethenjelwa kunye nexesha elide lezinto zebhetri zamandla kwiindawo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa kugxininiso lophando kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion eziphantsi.Okwangoku, kukho izinto ezininzi zebhetri ze-lithium-ion eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa: (1) i-lithium metal anode izinto: isinyithi se-lithium sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithuthi zombane ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo kweekhemikhali eziphezulu, ukuhanjiswa kombane ophezulu kunye nokushisa okuphantsi kwentlawulo kunye nokusebenza kokukhutshwa;(2) izinto ze-carbon anode zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizithuthi zombane ngenxa yokumelana nobushushu obuhle, ukusebenza komjikelo wobushushu obuphantsi, ukuhanjiswa kombane okuphantsi kunye nobomi bomjikelezo ophantsi wobushushu kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi;(3) izinto ze-carbon anode zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizithuthi zombane ngenxa yokumelana nobushushu obuhle, ukusebenza komjikelo wobushushu obuphantsi, ukuhanjiswa kombane okuphantsi kunye nobomi bomjikelo wobushushu obuphantsi.kwi(3) i-electrolyte yezinto eziphilayo zisebenza kakuhle kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi;(4) i-polymer electrolytes: i-polymer molecular chain chain ifutshane kwaye inobudlelwane obuphezulu;(5) izinto eziphathekayo: iipolymers ze-inorganic zinemilinganiselo yokusebenza kakuhle (conductivity) kunye nokuhambelana kakuhle phakathi komsebenzi we-electrolyte;(6) iioksidi zentsimbi zincinci;(7) izinto ze-inorganic: iipolymers ezingaphiliyo, njl.
2, Isiphumo sendawo yobushushu obuphantsi kwibhetri ye-lithium
Ubomi bomjikelezo weebhetri ze-lithium buxhomekeke ngokukodwa kwinkqubo yokukhupha, ngelixa ukushisa okuphantsi kuyisici esinempembelelo enkulu kubomi beemveliso ze-lithium.Ngokuqhelekileyo, phantsi kwemekobume yobushushu obuphantsi, umphezulu webhetri uya kutshintsha isigaba esibangela umonakalo wesakhiwo somphezulu, sikhatshwa ngumthamo kunye nokunciphisa umthamo weseli.Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa, igesi yenziwa kwiseli, eya kukhawulezisa ukusabalalisa kwe-thermal;phantsi kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, igesi ayikwazi ukukhutshwa ngexesha, isantya sokutshintsha kwesigaba solwelo lwebhetri;iqondo lobushushu lisezantsi, kokukhona kuveliswa irhasi kwaye kokukhona ucotha utshintsho lwesigaba solwelo lwebhetri.Ngoko ke, utshintsho lwangaphakathi lwebhetri lunzima kwaye luyinkimbinkimbi phantsi kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, kwaye kulula ukuvelisa iigesi kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ngaphakathi kwebhetri;kwangaxeshanye, ubushushu obuphantsi buya kukhokelela kuthotho lweempembelelo ezitshabalalisayo ezifana nokuqhekeka kweekhemikhali ezingenakulungiseka kwi-interface phakathi kwezinto ze-cathode kunye ne-electrolyte;kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni i-electrolyte self-assembly kunye nobomi bomjikelezo;i-lithium ion intlawulo yokudlulisa amandla kwi-electrolyte iya kuncitshiswa;inkqubo yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha iya kubangela uchungechunge lweempendulo ze-chain ezifana ne-polarization phenomenon ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwentlawulo ye-lithium ion, ukubola kwamandla ebhetri kunye nokukhululwa kwengcinezelo yangaphakathi, echaphazela ubomi bomjikelezo kunye nobuninzi bamandla ebhetri ye-lithium ion kunye neminye imisebenzi.Okukhona usezantsi iqondo lobushushu kwiqondo eliphantsi lobushushu, kokukhona kuqina kwaye kuntsonkothile iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokonakalisa njengempendulo ye-redox kumphezulu webhetri, ukusasazwa kwe-thermal, utshintsho lwesigaba ngaphakathi kwiseli kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okupheleleyo kuya kuthi kubangele uthotho lweentshukumo zetsheyini ezifana ne-electrolyte. ukuzihlanganisa, okukhona isantya sokusabela sicotha, kokukhona kubi kakhulu ukubola kwamandla ebhetri, kunye nokuhlwempuzeka kwe-lithium ion charge ukukwazi ukufuduka kubushushu obuphezulu.
3, Ubushushu obuphantsi kwinkqubela phambili yophando lwethekhnoloji ye-lithium yebhetri
Kwindawo yokushisa ephantsi, ukhuseleko, ubomi bomjikelezo kunye nokuzinza kweqondo lokushisa kwebhetri kuya kuchaphazeleka, kwaye impembelelo yokushisa okuphantsi kubomi beebhetri ze-lithium ayinakuhoywa.Okwangoku, ubushushu obuphantsi bamandla ebhetri yophando kunye nophuhliso usebenzisa i-diaphragm, i-electrolyte, izinto ezilungileyo kunye ne-electrode engalunganga kunye nezinye iindlela zenze inkqubela phambili.Kwixesha elizayo, ukuphuhliswa kweteknoloji yebhetri ye-lithium ephantsi kufuneka kuphuculwe kule miba ilandelayo: (1) ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yezinto zebhetri ye-lithium kunye noxinano lwamandla aphezulu, ubomi obude, ukuthotywa okuphantsi, ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nexabiso eliphantsi kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi. ;(2) uphuculo oluqhubekayo lolawulo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri ngoyilo lwesakhiwo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokulungiselela izinto;(3) ekuphuhliseni umthamo ophezulu, inkqubo yebhetri ye-lithium ephantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwizongezo ze-electrolyte, i-lithium ion kunye ne-anode kunye ne-cathode interface kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo zangaphakathi kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili ezinempembelelo;(4) ukuphucula ukusebenza komjikelo webhetri (ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha amandla athile), ukuzinza kwebhetri kwindawo yobushushu obuphantsi, ukhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium kwindawo yobushushu obuphantsi kunye nolunye ulwalathiso lophuhliso lweteknoloji yebhetri;(5) ukuphuhlisa ukusebenza kokhuseleko oluphezulu, ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nezisombululo zenkqubo yebhetri yamandla aphantsi kwiimeko eziphantsi zobushushu;(6) phuhlisa iimveliso ezinxulumene nebhetri ezinobushushu obuphantsi kwaye zikhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kwazo;( 7) ukuphuhlisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezixhobo zebhetri eziphantsi kobushushu kunye nobuchwepheshe besixhobo.
Ewe kunjalo, ukongeza kule migaqo yophando ingentla, kukwakho nezalathiso ezininzi zophando zokuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kwebhetri phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphantsi, ukuphucula ingxinano yamandla ebhetri yobushushu obuphantsi, ukunciphisa ukuthotywa kwebhetri kwindawo ephantsi yobushushu, ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri kunye nolunye uphando. inkqubela phambili;kodwa umba obaluleke ngakumbi yindlela yokufezekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukhuseleko oluphezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi, uluhlu oluphezulu, ubomi obude kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lokuthengisa iibhetri phantsi kweemeko zokushisa eziphantsi okwangoku Uphando lufuna ukugxila ekuqhekezeni nasekusombululeni ingxaki.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-22-2022